From extraction to end-uses and waste management: Modeling economy-wide material cycles and stock dynamics around the world.

Material stocks of infrastructure, buildings, and machinery are the biophysical basis of production and consumption. They are a crucial lever for resource efficiency and a sustainable circular economy. While material stock research has proliferated over the last years, most studies investigated specific materials or end-uses, usually not embedded into an economy-wide perspective.

[Current Aspects of Intensive Medical Care for Traumatic Brain Injury - Part 2 - Secondary Treatment Strategies, Long-term Outcome, Neuroprognostics and Chronification].

This two-part article deals with the intensive medical care of traumatic brain injury. Part 1 addresses the primary treatment strategy, haemodynamic management and multimodal monitoring, Part 2 secondary treatment strategies, long-term outcome, neuroprognostics and chronification. Traumatic brain injury is a complex clinical entity with a high mortality rate.

The impact of real-time ultrasound guidance on ventricular catheter placement in cerebrospinal fluid shunts - a single-center study.

Purpose: Misplacement of ventricular catheters during shunt surgery occurs in 40% of cases using a freehand technique and therefore represents a risk for early shunt failure. The goal of this retrospective, single-center study is to analyze the impact of real-time ultrasound guidance on ventricular catheter positioning and early outcome of shunt survival.

Materials And Methods: We analyzed the charts and images of all patients who underwent shunt surgery from 09/2017 to 12/2022 and compared the position of the ventricular catheter using the freehand technique and real-time ultrasound guidance.

Decompressive craniotomy in split-technique (DCST) for TBI in infants: introducing a new surgical technique to prevent long-term complications.

Introduction: Decompressive craniectomy (DC) is rarely required in infants. These youngest patients are vulnerable to blood loss, and cranial reconstruction can be challenging due to skull growth and bone flap resorption. On the other hand, infants have thin and flexible bone and osteogenic potential.

Exploring the relationship between HCMV serostatus and outcomes in COVID-19 sepsis.

Background: Sepsis, a life-threatening condition caused by the dysregulated host response to infection, is a major global health concern. Understanding the impact of viral or bacterial pathogens in sepsis is crucial for improving patient outcomes. This study aimed to investigate the human cytomegalovirus (HCMV) seropositivity as a risk factor for development of sepsis in patients with COVID-19.

Unveiling patterns in human dominated landscapes through mapping the mass of US built structures.

Built structures increasingly dominate the Earth's landscapes; their surging mass is currently overtaking global biomass. We here assess built structures in the conterminous US by quantifying the mass of 14 stock-building materials in eight building types and nine types of mobility infrastructures. Our high-resolution maps reveal that built structures have become 2.

Product level dataset on embodied human appropriation of net primary production.

This dataset includes data on the embodied human appropriation of net primary production (eHANPP) associated with products derived from agriculture and forestry. The human appropriation of net primary production (HANPP) is an indicator of changes in the yearly availability of biomass energy from photosynthesis that remains available in terrestrial ecosystems after harvest, under current land use, compared to the net primary production of the potential natural vegetation. HANPP is an indicator of land-use intensity that is relevant for biodiversity and biogeochemical cycles.

Built structures influence patterns of energy demand and CO emissions across countries.

Built structures, i.e. the patterns of settlements and transport infrastructures, are known to influence per-capita energy demand and CO emissions at the urban level.

Effects of extreme events on land-use-related decisions of farmers in Eastern Austria: the role of learning.

Unlabelled: European farm households will face increasingly challenging conditions in the coming decades due to climate change, as the frequency and severity of extreme weather events rise. This study assesses the complex interrelations between external framework conditions such as climate change or adjustments in the agricultural price and subsidy schemes with farmers' decision-making. As social aspects remain understudied drivers for agricultural decisions, we also consider value-based characteristics of farmers as internal factors relevant for decision-making.

High-resolution data and maps of material stock, population, and employment in Austria from 1985 to 2018.

High-resolution maps of material stocks in buildings and infrastructures are of key importance for studies of societal resource use (social metabolism, circular economy, secondary resource potentials) as well as for transport studies and land system science. So far, such maps were only available for specific years but not in time series. Even for single years, data covering entire countries with high resolution, or using remote-sensing data are rare.

The global biodiversity footprint of urban consumption: A spatially explicit assessment for the city of Vienna.

With ongoing global urbanization processes and consumption patterns increasingly recognized as key determinants of environmental change, a better understanding of the links between urban consumption and biodiversity loss is paramount. Here we quantify the global biodiversity footprint (BDF) of Vienna's (Austria) biomass consumption. We present a state-of-the-art product specific approach to (a) locate the production areas required for Vienna's consumption and map Vienna's BDF by (b) linking them with data taken from a previously published countryside Species-Area-Relationship (cSAR) model with a representation of land-use intensity.

Embodied HANPP of feed and animal products: Tracing pressure on ecosystems along trilateral livestock supply chains 1986-2013.

The global livestock system puts increasing pressures on ecosystems. Studies analyzing the ecological impacts of livestock supply chains often explain this pressure by the increasing demand for animal products. Food regime theory proposes a more nuanced perspective: it explains livestock-related pressures on ecosystems by systemic changes along the supply chains of feed and animal products, notably the liberalization of agricultural trade.

Changes in perspective needed to forge 'no-regret' forest-based climate change mitigation strategies.

Forest-based mitigation strategies will play a pivotal role in achieving the rapid and deep net-emission reductions required to prevent catastrophic climate change. However, large disagreement prevails on how to forge forest-based mitigation strategies, in particular in regions where forests are currently growing in area and carbon density. Two opposing viewpoints prevail in the current discourse: (1) A widespread viewpoint, specifically in countries in the Global North, favours enhanced wood use, including bioenergy, for substitution of emissions-intensive products and processes.

Evaluation of the Perioperative and Postoperative Course of Surgery for Pineal Germinoma in the SIOP CNS GCT 96 Trial.

Background: CNS germinoma, being marker-negative, are mainly diagnosed by histological examination. These tumors predominantly appear in the suprasellar and/or pineal region. In contrast to the suprasellar region, where biopsy is the standard procedure in case of a suspected germ-cell tumor to avoid mutilation to the endocrine structures, pineal tumors are more accessible to primary resection.

Intravenous IgM-enriched immunoglobulins in critical COVID-19: a multicentre propensity-weighted cohort study.

Background: A profound inflammation-mediated lung injury with long-term acute respiratory distress and high mortality is one of the major complications of critical COVID-19. Immunoglobulin M (IgM)-enriched immunoglobulins seem especially capable of mitigating the inflicted inflammatory harm. However, the efficacy of intravenous IgM-enriched preparations in critically ill patients with COVID-19 is largely unclear.

Compilation of an economy-wide material flow database for 14 stock-building materials in 177 countries from 1900 to 2016.

International datasets on economy-wide material flows currently fail to comprehensively cover the quantitatively most important materials and countries, to provide centennial coverage and to differentiate between processing stages. These data gaps hamper research and policy on resource use. Herein, we present and document the data processing and compilation procedures applied to develop a novel economy-wide database of primary stock-building material flows systematically covering 177 countries from 1900- 2016.

Relative effects of land conversion and land-use intensity on terrestrial vertebrate diversity.

Land-use has transformed ecosystems over three quarters of the terrestrial surface, with massive repercussions on biodiversity. Land-use intensity is known to contribute to the effects of land-use on biodiversity, but the magnitude of this contribution remains uncertain. Here, we use a modified countryside species-area model to compute a global account of the impending biodiversity loss caused by current land-use patterns, explicitly addressing the role of land-use intensity based on two sets of intensity indicators.

Potential for future reductions of global GHG and air pollutants from circular waste management systems.

The rapidly rising generation of municipal solid waste jeopardizes the environment and contributes to climate heating. Based on the Shared Socioeconomic Pathways, we here develop a global systematic approach for evaluating the potentials to reduce emissions of greenhouse gases and air pollutants from the implementation of circular municipal waste management systems. We contrast two sets of global scenarios until 2050, namely baseline and mitigation scenarios, and show that mitigation strategies in the sustainability-oriented scenario yields earlier, and major, co-benefits compared to scenarios in which inequalities are reduced but that are focused solely on technical solutions.