Structural effects of intraretinal cysts on outer retinal layers in eyes with diabetic macular edema.

Background: Diabetic macular edema (DME) is the main cause of visual loss in individuals with diabetic retinopathy (DR). This study aims to investigate the effects of central macular intraretinal cysts on the underlying outer retinal layer (ORL) in patients with diabetic macular edema (DME).

Methods: In this retrospective and cross-sectional study, diabetic patients with or without DR were categorized into three groups: without DME (group 1), with DME but without any cyst featuring a plateau in the lower region (group 2), and patients with cyst featuring an inferior cyst plateau (group 3), defined as a flat conformation at its posterior aspect.

Treatment outcomes of PCR-positive acute retinal necrosis.

Background: Acute retinal necrosis (ARN) is a progressive necrotizing retinitis caused by viral infection. Optimal management strategies have not been established for this detrimental disease. Previous literature published suggests that Varicella-zoster virus (VZV) and Herpes simplex virus-1 (HSV1) are the most common promoters of acute retinal necrosis (ARN).

Long-term outcomes of fornix reconstruction and cicatricial entropion repair in ocular mucous membrane pemphigoid and drug-related secondary pemphigoid.

Objective: To investigate the long-term outcomes of fornix reconstruction and cicatricial entropion repair in patients with ocular mucous membrane pemphigoid (MMP) and secondary MMP.

Methods: Retrospective chart review of patients with MMP undergoing either fornix reconstruction (with amniotic membrane or buccal mucosal graft) or Wies cicatricial entropion repair between January 1, 2000, and September 1, 2020. Patients had a positive mucosal biopsy and (or) clinical features of MMP or secondary MMP.

Safety and efficacy of micropulse transscleral cyclophotocoagulation: 2-year follow-up in a tertiary Canadian centre.

Objective: To describe the long-term results of patients undergoing micropulse cyclophotocoagulation (MPCPC).

Methods: Retrospective review of patients undergoing MPCPC with 1 surgeon between July 2016 and January 2017. Data collected included preoperative intraocular pressure (IOP), number of medications, daily acetazolamide use, and whether inferior, superior, or circumferential MPCPC was performed.

Metastatic neuroendocrine tumor masquerading as orbital cysticercosis.

Orbital metastases secondary to neuroendocrine tumors are exceedingly rare. We present a unique case of a 30-year-old female initially presenting with fever, chills, periorbital swelling, and painful proptosis. CT orbits revealed two ovoid-shaped ring-enhancing lesions in the right lateral and superior rectus muscles and clear sinuses, atypical for infectious post-septal cellulitis.

The outcome of conventional open reduction approach vs endoscopic approach for orbital floor repair.

Introduction: Blunt trauma to the orbital rim is a frequent cause of both orbital fractures and damage to the surrounding facial bones and soft tissues. The inception of endoscopy and minimal invasive intervention has revolutionized the surgical treatment of blow out fracture of orbital walls. Thus, the present study was conducted to compare the outcome of conventional open reduction approach with endoscopic approach for orbital floor repair.

Quantitative Optical Coherence Tomography Angiography in Patients with Moyamoya Vasculopathy: A Pilot Study.

Moyamoya (MM) disease is a chronic cerebrovascular disease that can lead to progressive stenosis of the terminal portions of the internal carotid arteries and their proximal branches. We sought to investigate and quantify retinal vascular changes in patients with MM vasculopathy (MMV) using optical coherence tomography angiography (OCTA) compared to healthy controls. Our findings reveal retinal microvascular changes in patients with MMV and highlights the potential of OCTA imaging for the detection of subclinical retinal pathology.

INVESTIGATING MICROANGIOPATHY USING SWEPT-SOURCE OPTICAL COHERENCE TOMOGRAPHY ANGIOGRAPHY IN PATIENTS WITH SUSAC SYNDROME.

Purpose: To determine whether optical coherence tomography angiography is of diagnostic utility for Susac syndrome (SuS) by quantifying microvascular retinal changes.

Methods: We enrolled 18 eyes of 9 healthy controls and 18 eyes of 9 patients with chronic SuS (12 had previous branch retinal artery occlusions and 6 were clinically unaffected). Images of the fovea were taken using an optical coherence tomography angiography system.

Assessing the quality of online information on glaucoma procedures.

Objective: To investigate the quality of information related to glaucoma procedures found online using 2 different assessment tools.

Design: Cross-sectional survey of 100 web sites found via Google search engine.

Methods: The terms "peripheral iridotomy" and "trabeculectomy" along with synonymous keywords were inputted into Google's search engine.

Mycobacterium tuberculosis Sulfolipid-1 Activates Nociceptive Neurons and Induces Cough.

Pulmonary tuberculosis, a disease caused by Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb), manifests with a persistent cough as both a primary symptom and mechanism of transmission. The cough reflex can be triggered by nociceptive neurons innervating the lungs, and some bacteria produce neuron-targeting molecules. However, how pulmonary Mtb infection causes cough remains undefined, and whether Mtb produces a neuron-activating, cough-inducing molecule is unknown.

Identification of scavenger receptor B1 as the airway microfold cell receptor for .

(Mtb) can enter the body through multiple routes, including via specialized transcytotic cells called microfold cells (M cell). However, the mechanistic basis for M cell entry remains undefined. Here, we show that M cell transcytosis depends on the Mtb Type VII secretion machine and its major virulence factor EsxA.

Optimization and Evaluation of Antiparasitic Benzamidobenzoic Acids as Inhibitors of Kinetoplastid Hexokinase 1.

Kinetoplastid-based infections are neglected diseases that represent a significant human health issue. Chemotherapeutic options are limited due to toxicity, parasite susceptibility, and poor patient compliance. In response, we studied a molecular-target-directed approach involving intervention of hexokinase activity-a pivotal enzyme in parasite metabolism.

Microfold Cells Actively Translocate Mycobacterium tuberculosis to Initiate Infection.

The prevailing paradigm is that tuberculosis infection is initiated when patrolling alveolar macrophages and dendritic cells within the terminal alveolus ingest inhaled Mycobacterium tuberculosis (Mtb). However, definitive data for this model are lacking. Among the epithelial cells of the upper airway, a specialized epithelial cell known as a microfold cell (M cell) overlies various components of mucosa-associated lymphatic tissue.