Impact of Varying Sleep Pressure on Daytime Sleep Propensity in Healthy Young and Older Adults.

Fixed sleep schedules with an 8 h time in bed (TIB) are used to ensure participants are well-rested before laboratory studies. However, such schedules may lead to cumulative excess wakefulness in young individuals. Effects on older individuals are unknown.

Jag1 represses Notch activation in lateral supporting cells and inhibits an outer hair cell fate in the medial cochlea.

Notch signaling patterns the cochlear organ of Corti, and individuals with the JAG1/NOTCH2-related genetic disorder Alagille syndrome can thus experience hearing loss. We investigated the function of Jag1 in cochlear patterning and signaling using Jag1Ndr/Ndr mice, which are a model of Alagille syndrome. Jag1Ndr/Ndr mice exhibited expected vestibular and auditory deficits, a dose-dependent increase in ectopic inner hair cells, and a reduction in outer hair cells.

A Shot Through the Heart.

We present the case of a patient who was shot through the heart with an air rifle and presented in a stable condition at our emergency department. At the time of presentation, the bullet was still present within the myocardium. Imaging, management, and outcome are discussed in this report.

Epidemiology of sarcoptic mange in free-ranging vicuñas (Vicugna vicugna): a cross-sectional study in Andean highland communities in Peru.

Sarcoptic mange or scabies is a contagious parasitic skin disease that affects a wide range of domestic and wildlife species. A cross-sectional study was carried out to determine the prevalence, molecular identification, and characteristics of sarcoptic mange in vicuñas. A total of 3,274 vicuñas were examined.

Circadian rapid eye movement sleep expression is associated with brain microstructural integrity in older adults.

Rapid eye movement sleep (REMS) is increasingly suggested as a discriminant sleep state for subtle signs of age-related neurodegeneration. While REMS expression is under strong circadian control and circadian dysregulation increases with age, the association between brain aging and circadian REMS regulation has not yet been assessed. Here, we measure the circadian amplitude of REMS through a 40-h in-lab multiple nap protocol in controlled laboratory conditions, and brain microstructural integrity with quantitative multi-parameter mapping (MPM) imaging in 86 older individuals.

The impact of low-mode symmetry on inertial fusion energy output in the burning plasma state.

Indirect Drive Inertial Confinement Fusion Experiments on the National Ignition Facility (NIF) have achieved a burning plasma state with neutron yields exceeding 170 kJ, roughly 3 times the prior record and a necessary stage for igniting plasmas. The results are achieved despite multiple sources of degradations that lead to high variability in performance. Results shown here, for the first time, include an empirical correction factor for mode-2 asymmetry in the burning plasma regime in addition to previously determined corrections for radiative mix and mode-1.

Design of the first fusion experiment to achieve target energy gain G>1.

In this work we present the design of the first controlled fusion laboratory experiment to reach target gain G>1 N221204 (5 December 2022) [Phys. Rev. Lett.

Towards a practical threat assessment methodology for crop landraces.

Crop landraces (LR), the traditional varieties of crops that have been maintained for millennia by repeated cycles of planting, harvesting, and selection, are genetically diverse compared to more modern varieties and provide one of the key components for crop improvement due to the ease of trait transfer within the crop species. However, LR diversity is increasingly threatened with genetic erosion and extinction by replacement with improved cultivars, lack of incentives for farmers to maintain traditional agricultural systems, and rising threats from climate change. Their active conservation is necessary to maintain this critical resource.

Diagnosing the origin and impact of low-mode asymmetries in ignition experiments at the National Ignition Facility.

Inertial confinement fusion ignition requires high inflight shell velocity, good energy coupling between the hotspot and shell, and high areal density at peak compression. Three-dimensional asymmetries caused by imperfections in the drive symmetry or target can grow and damage the coupling and confinement. Recent high-yield experiments have shown that low-mode asymmetries are a key degradation mechanism and contribute to variability.

Napping and circadian sleep-wake regulation during healthy aging.

Study Objectives: Daytime napping is frequently reported among the older population and has attracted increasing attention due to its association with multiple health conditions. Here, we tested whether napping in the aged is associated with altered circadian regulation of sleep, sleepiness, and vigilance performance.

Methods: Sixty healthy older individuals (mean age: 69 years, 39 women) were recruited with respect to their napping habits (30 nappers, 30 non-nappers).

Socs1-knockout in skin-resident CD4 T cells in a protracted contact-allergic reaction results in an autonomous skin inflammation with features of early-stage mycosis fungoides.

Recent detailed genomic analysis of mycosis fungoides (MF) identified suppressor of cytokine signaling 1 (SOCS1), an inhibitor of JAK/STAT signaling, as one of the frequently deleted tumor suppressors in MF, and one-copy deletion of SOCS1 was confirmed in early-stage MF lesions. To better understand the functional role of SOCS1 in the genesis of MF, we used a genetically engineered mouse model emulating heterozygous SOCS1 loss in skin resident CD4 T cells. In these mice an experimentally induced contact-allergic reaction was maintained for 20 weeks.

IL1R1 cancer-associated fibroblasts drive tumor development and immunosuppression in colorectal cancer.

Fibroblasts have a considerable functional and molecular heterogeneity and can play various roles in the tumor microenvironment. Here we identify a pro-tumorigenic IL1R1, IL-1-high-signaling subtype of fibroblasts, using multiple colorectal cancer (CRC) patient single cell sequencing datasets. This subtype of fibroblasts is linked to T cell and macrophage suppression and leads to increased cancer cell growth in 3D co-culture assays.

Diet Quality Index and Food Choice Motives in Vietnam: The Roles of Sensory Appeal, Mood, Convenience, and Familiarity.

Food choices that shape human diets and health are influenced by various socio-economic factors. Vietnam struggles to meet many nutrition targets where links between food choice and diet have not been widely explored. This study assesses the food choice motives, based on a 28-item food choice questionnaire (FCQ), and the diet quality of 603 adults in three sites (urban, peri-urban, and rural) in northern Vietnam.

Association between circadian sleep regulation and cortical gyrification in young and older adults.

The circadian system orchestrates sleep timing and structure and is altered with increasing age. Sleep propensity, and particularly REM sleep is under strong circadian control and has been suggested to play an important role in brain plasticity. In this exploratory study, we assessed whether surface-based brain morphometry indices are associated with circadian sleep regulation and whether this link changes with age.

Nanoluciferase-based complementation assays to monitor activation, modulation and signaling of receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs).

Receptor tyrosine kinases (RTKs) are transmembrane receptors activated by a wide diversity of growth factors, cytokines or hormones. They ensure multiple roles in cellular processes, including proliferation, differentiation and survival. They are also crucial drivers of development and progression of multiple cancer types, and represent important drug targets.

Measurement of Dark Ice-Ablator Mix in Inertial Confinement Fusion.

We present measurements of ice-ablator mix at stagnation of inertially confined, cryogenically layered capsule implosions. An ice layer thickness scan with layers significantly thinner than used in ignition experiments enables us to investigate mix near the inner ablator interface. Our experiments reveal for the first time that the majority of atomically mixed ablator material is "dark" mix.

Design of an inertial fusion experiment exceeding the Lawson criterion for ignition.

We present the design of the first igniting fusion plasma in the laboratory by Lawson's criterion that produced 1.37 MJ of fusion energy, Hybrid-E experiment N210808 (August 8, 2021) [Phys. Rev.

Experimental achievement and signatures of ignition at the National Ignition Facility.

An inertial fusion implosion on the National Ignition Facility, conducted on August 8, 2021 (N210808), recently produced more than a megajoule of fusion yield and passed Lawson's criterion for ignition [Phys. Rev. Lett.

Investigating children's chemical exposome - Description and possible determinants of exposure in the region of Luxembourg based on hair analysis.

The specific physiology and behaviour of children makes them particularly vulnerable to chemical exposure. Specific studies must therefore be conducted to understand the impact of pollution on children's health. Human biomonitoring is a reliable approach for exposure assessment, and hair, allowing the detection of parent chemicals and metabolites, and covering wider time windows than urine and blood is particularly adapted to study chronic exposure.