[Ultrasound staging of endometrial cancer - recommended methodology of examination].

The extent of the staging surgery in cases of histologically proven endometrial cancer depends on whether the tumor is of high risk or low risk for extrauterine spread and recurrence. There are several significant prognostic factors - histological subtype and grade of dediferentiation from preoperative biopsy and local stage of uterine involvement based on imaging methods. The depth of myometrial invasion and presence of cervical stromal infiltration (local staging) can be assessed by ultrasound with the overall accuracy comparable to that of magnetic resonance.

[Ultrasonic staging cervical cancer -a proposal for the standard procedure].

Objective: To develop guidelines for the ultrasound examination of cervical cancer, including a unified ultrasound terminology.

Subject: Original paper.

Setting: Gynecological Oncology Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Masaryk University and General Faculty Hospital Brno, and Gynecological Oncology Center, Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, Charles University in Prague - First Faculty of Medicine and General Faculty Hospital Prague.

[Ultrasound imaging of normal fetal central nervous system at 8 to 12 weeks of gestation].

With ongoing evolution of advanced ultrasound diagnostic in prenatal care the trend is to detect potential fetal anomalies in the first trimester if possible. Complex knowledge of normal fetal anatomy, embryology and ultrasound anatomy is important to be able to identify subtle abnormalities. In this review we demonstrate the possibilities of ultrasound imaging of fetal brain at late first trimester and describe normal central nervous system development week by week.

[Prenatal diagnosis and management of fetuses with congenital diaphragmatic hernia].

Objective: The aim of this article is to review current options of prenatal diagnosis and management of fetuses with congenital diaphragmatic hernia at the Institute for the Care of Mother and Child.

Setting: Institute for the Care of Mother and Child, 3. LF UK, Prague.

[Prenatal intracranial hemorrhagie--diagnosis and follow-up].

Aim: We present a case of difficult prenatal diagnosis and follow-up of severe fetal intracranial hemorrhage. With an analysis of the available literature that is related to this topic, we would like to bring attention to the necessity of accurate evaluation of fetal brain morphology even during routine ultrasound examination in the late third trimester.

Type Of Study: Case report.

A prospective randomized comparison of vaginal hysterectomy, laparoscopically assisted vaginal hysterectomy, and total laparoscopic hysterectomy in women with benign uterine disease.

Objectives: To compare the clinical results of three minimally invasive hysterectomy techniques: vaginal hysterectomy (VH), laparoscopically assisted vaginal hysterectomy (LAVH), and total laparoscopic hysterectomy (TLH).

Study Design: A prospective, randomized study was performed at a tertiary care center between March 2004 and October 2005. A total of 125 women indicated to undergo hysterectomy for benign uterine disease were randomly assigned to three different groups (40 VH, 44 LAVH, and 41 TLH).

ABO fetomaternal compatibility poses a risk for massive fetomaternal transplacental hemorrhage.

Objective: Severe fetomaternal transplacental hemorrhage increases the risk of fetal anemia. In the third trimester, the syncytiotrophoblast becomes thinner, especially in areas where it comes into intimate contact with villous capillaries, and forms a vasculosyncytial membrane. Our aim was to determine whether ABO compatibility puts the fetus at a greater risk of severe fetomaternal hemorrhage.

Prenatally diagnosable differences in the cellular immunity of fetuses with Down's and Edwards' syndrome.

Introduction: Lymphocyte subpopulations are identified by the uniform CD classification (Cluster of Differentiation) and can be accurately differentiated with monoclonal antibodies using the method of flow cytometry. With the aid of cordocentesis it is possible to perform studies on the status and development of cellular immunity as early as in the second trimester of pregnancy.

Objective: To compare lymphocyte subpopulations present in fetuses with chromosomal abnormalities (Down's syndrome (DS), Edwards' syndrome (ES)) and fetuses with normal karyotype.

Uterine fibroid embolization versus myomectomy in women wishing to preserve fertility: preliminary results of a randomized controlled trial.

Objective: To compare the clinical results of surgical and endovascular treatment of uterine myomas in young women.

Study Design: In a university-affiliated, tertiary care center a prospective trial was conducted. Sixty-three women, wishing to retain fertility, with intramural fibroid(s) larger than 4 cm, were randomly selected either for uterine artery embolization or myomectomy.

Pregnancy outcome in women with PCOS and in controls matched by age and weight.

Background: The aim of this study was to compare the pregnancy outcome, especially the prevalence of gestational diabetes mellitus (GDM), in a group of patients with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS), with a group of healthy weight-matched women.

Methods: Retrospectively, we evaluated the pregnancies of 66 women with PCOS, who had been treated for infertility and who delivered at our department. These were compared with a group of 66 age- and weight-matched controls.

Prediction of insulin sensitivity in nonobese women with polycystic ovary syndrome.

Unlabelled: Insulin resistance is a frequent (although not constant) abnormality in both obese and nonobese women with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS). It plays a key role in the predisposition to type 2 diabetes, which is the most important health consequence of the syndrome. Identification of patients with insulin resistance is significant both for follow-up and for therapeutic reasons.

Significance of ultrasound vaginal cervicometry in predicting preterm delivery.

Background: The objective of the study was to verify whether ultrasound vaginal cervicometry, performed in the 18th-20th week of gestation, can effectively predict preterm delivery.

Material/methods: 279 singleton pregnancies were prospectively studied from the middle of gestation until delivery. In the 18th-20th week of gestation we performed ultrasound vaginal cervicometry, which we used to determine the length of the cervix, judge the shape of the internal os, and evaluate the cervicometry as normal or abnormal on the basis of these parameters.

[Prediction of premature labor--multifactorial analysis of a prospective clinical study].

Objective: To evaluate, which of selected anamnestic, laboratory and ultrasonographic (USG) parameters could contribute to the prediction of prematurity.

Design: Prospective, observational, clinical study.

Setting: Department of Obstetrics and Gynecology, 1st Faculty of Medicine and the General Faculty Hospital, Charles University, Prague.

[Laparoscopy in chronic pelvic pain--a retrospective clinical study].

Objectives: To analyze the laparoscopic findings in women with chronic pelvic pain (CPP). To verify the possible predictive value of the anamnestic factors for the laparoscopically established diagnosis.

Design: A retrospective clinical trial.

[Anemia in pregnancy--review. Part 2].

Objective: To review the clinical risks of iron deficiency anemia (IDA) in pregnant women: a list of the possible disorders of the mother, fetus and the newborn. A discussion about the clinical value of iron administration in gestation.

Design: Review article.

Massive fetomaternal transplacental hemorrhage as a perinatology problem, role of ABO fetomaternal compatibility--case studies.

Background: Massive fetomaternal transplacental hemorrhage is not simply a problem of possible alloimunization in Rh incompatibility but also endangers the fetus (newborn) by massive anemization. Bleeding from placental vessels can occur after small trauma to the gravid uterus with mild or no clinical signs (bleeding or spotting, pain, hypertonus). The rupture of anchoring villi related to early uterine contractions is also possible.