Risk of first hip fracture under treatment with zoledronic acid versus alendronate: a NOREPOS cohort study of 88,000 Norwegian men and women in outpatient care.

Unlabelled: We aimed to investigate the risk of hip fracture associated with zoledronic acid treatment compared to alendronate on a population level. The risk of hip fracture was lower in women using zoledronic acid and higher in women who had discontinued treatment. The findings support the effectiveness of intravenous bisphosphonate.

Physical Activity, Fitness, and Long-Term Risk of Amyotrophic Lateral Sclerosis: A Prospective Cohort Study.

Background And Objectives: Observational studies have demonstrated an increased amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) risk among professional athletes in various sports. For moderately increased levels of physical activity and fitness, the results are diverging. Through a cohort study, we aimed to assess the relationship between indicators of physical activity and fitness (self-reported physical activity and resting heart rate) and long-term ALS risk.

A controlled weight loss intervention study among women of Somali background in Norway.

Background: Women of Somali background in Norway have a high prevalence of overweight and obesity, compared with women in the general Norwegian population. For lifestyle interventions to be applicable for immigrants to Norway, it is important to culturally tailor interventions in collaboration with relevant communities. The primary outcome was a difference in weight change between the intervention and control groups.

Prediction of individual lifetime cardiovascular risk and potential treatment benefit: development and recalibration of the LIFE-CVD2 model to four European risk regions.

Aims: The 2021 European Society of Cardiology prevention guidelines recommend the use of (lifetime) risk prediction models to aid decisions regarding initiation of prevention. We aimed to update and systematically recalibrate the LIFEtime-perspective CardioVascular Disease (LIFE-CVD) model to four European risk regions for the estimation of lifetime CVD risk for apparently healthy individuals.

Methods And Results: The updated LIFE-CVD (i.

Dietary inflammatory pattern and risk of hip fracture in the Nurses' Health Study.

Unlabelled: Our immune system activity is impacted by what we eat and can influence fracture risk under certain conditions. In this article, we show that postmenopausal women with a pro-inflammatory dietary pattern have an increased risk of hip fracture.

Purpose: The immune system influences bone homeostasis and can increase the risk of fracture under certain pro-inflammatory conditions.

No change in 24-h sodium intake estimated from spot urine in Norwegian adults from 2006 to 2019: the population-based Trøndelag Health Study (HUNT).

Objective: Monitoring time trends in salt consumption is important for evaluating the impact of salt reduction initiatives on public health outcomes. There has so far not been available data to indicate if salt consumption in Norway has changed during the previous decade. We aimed to assess whether average 24-h salt intake estimated from spot urine samples in the adult population of mid-Norway changed from 2006-2008 to 2017-2019 and to describe variations by sex, age and educational level.

Iodine status and determinants in adults in Norway - results from a population-based health examination survey (The HUNT Study).

Background: In Norway, there is a lack of knowledge about the iodine status in the general and older adult population, and there is no established national monitoring programme for iodine. Several studies have indicated that iodine deficiency is prevalent in subgroups of the population. Salt iodisation is currently being considered as a measure to increase the population iodine status.

The medication-based Rx-Risk Comorbidity Index and risk of hip fracture - a nationwide NOREPOS cohort study.

Background: Few previous studies have assessed overall morbidity at the individual level with respect to future risk of hip fracture. The aim of this register-based cohort study was to examine the association between morbidity measured by the medication-based Rx-Risk Comorbidity Index (Rx-Risk) and the risk of first hip fracture.

Methods: Individual-level data on medications dispensed from pharmacies (2005-2016) was retrieved from the Norwegian Prescription Database and used to calculate Rx-Risk for each calendar year.

Plant-Based Diets and Risk of Hip Fracture in Postmenopausal Women.

Importance: Previous research has found that vegetarian diets are associated with lower bone mineral density and higher risk of fractures, but these studies did not differentiate the quality of the plant-based foods.

Objective: To examine the association between the quality of plant-based diets (not necessarily vegan but also omnivorous) and hip fracture risk among postmenopausal women in the Nurses' Health Study.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This cohort study analyzed data from 70 285 postmenopausal women who participated in the US Nurses' Health Study from 1984 through 2014.

Pharmacological treatment of obesity in adults in Norway 2004-2022.

Aims: To describe trends in the use of anti-obesity drugs in Norway during the period 2004-2022.

Materials And Methods: We assessed the annual utilization of any available drug indicated for obesity recorded in the nationwide Norwegian Prescribed Drug Register for adults (age 18-79 years) from 1 January 2004 to 31 December 2022. Prevalence was stratified by sex and age group (18-29 years and 10-year age groups thereafter).

BCG vaccination and multiple sclerosis risk: A Norwegian cohort study.

Introduction: Bacillus Calmette-Guérin (BCG) vaccination induces long-lasting effects on the adaptive and innate immune systems and prevents development of experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis and possibly also inflammatory disease activity in multiple sclerosis (MS).

Objective: The objective is to examine if BCG given in early adulthood decreases MS risk.

Methods: From 791,369 (52% females) Norwegians participating in a national tuberculosis screening program from 1963 to 1975, we collected information on BCG vaccination and tuberculosis disease status.

Premorbid lipid levels and long-term risk of ALS-a population-based cohort study.

Objective: To assess the temporal relationship between premorbid lipid levels and long-term amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS) risk.

Methods: From Norwegian cardiovascular health surveys (1974-2003), we collected information on total cholesterol (TC), triglycerides (TG), high-density lipoprotein cholesterol (HDL-C), low-density lipoprotein cholesterol (LDL-C), glucose, and other cardiovascular risk factors. ALS incidence and mortality were identified through validated Norwegian health registries.

Vitamin D - a scoping review for Nordic nutrition recommendations 2023.

Vitamin D is an essential nutrient. Its role in calcium and phosphorous metabolism, and in the development and maintenance of a healthy skeleton is well documented. In addition, there is some evidence for vitamin D decreasing total mortality and cancer mortality modestly, but not cancer incidence.

National health registries - a 'goldmine' for studying non-communicable disease occurrence in Norway - the NCDNOR project.

To estimate occurrence of non-communicable diseases (NCDs) over the life-course in the Norwegian population, national health registries are a vital source of information since they fully represent the entire non-institutionalised population. However, as they are mainly established for administrative purposes, more knowledge about how NCDs are recorded in the registries is needed. To establish this, we begin by counting the number of individuals registered annually with one or more NCDs in any of the registries.

Tuberculin responses after BCG vaccination predict amyotrophic lateral sclerosis risk.

Background: T cell infiltration around dying motor neurons is a hallmark of amyotrophic lateral sclerosis (ALS). It is not known if this immune response represents a cause or a consequence of the disease. We aimed to establish whether individual variation in regulation of a T cell driven immune response is associated with long-term ALS risk.

National monitoring of iodine, sodium, and vitamin D status in toddlers and women of childbearing age - results and lessons learned from a pilot study in Norway.

Background: Norway is lacking a population-based national monitoring program for iodine, sodium, and vitamin D status.

Objective: The aim of this study was to pilot-test a study design for collecting biological samples from a country-representative sample of 2-year-old children and their mothers and to report results for iodine, salt, and vitamin D at baseline, before initiation of salt iodization in Norway.

Design: In a cross-sectional study, we recruited 2-year-old children and their mothers during the routine 2-year check-up through 38 randomly selected health clinics in 2021.

Postvaccination immune responses and risk of primary total hip arthroplasty-A population-based cohort study.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between individual postvaccination immune responses and subsequent risk of total hip arthroplasty (THA) due to idiopathic osteoarthritis (OA) or rheumatoid arthritis (RA).

Method: Results of tuberculin skin tests (TSTs) following the Bacille Calmette-Guerin (BCG) vaccination were used as a marker of individual immune responses. TST results from the mandatory mass tuberculosis screening program 1948-1975 (n = 236 770) were linked with information on subsequent THA during 1987-2020 from the Norwegian Arthroplasty Register.

Time-varying exposure to anti-osteoporosis drugs and risk of first-time hip fracture: a population wide study within the Norwegian Epidemiologic Osteoporosis Studies (NOREPOS).

Unlabelled: We investigated the association between bisphosphonate and denosumab use and risk of hip fracture in Norway. These drugs protect against fractures in clinical trials, but their population-level effect is unknown. Our results showed lowered risk of hip fracture for treated women.

Resting heart rate, self-reported physical activity in middle age, and long-term risk of hip fracture. A NOREPOS cohort study of 367,386 men and women.

Enhanced knowledge regarding modifiable risk factors for hip fractures are warranted. We aimed to study the associations between two indicators of physical fitness (resting heart rate and level of physical activity) in middle-aged individuals, and the risk of hip fractures during the subsequent three decades. Data on objectively measured resting heart rate and self-reported leisure time physical activity from a national health survey (1985-1999) was linked to a database including all hip fractures treated in Norwegian hospitals from 1994 through 2018.

Prevention of covid-19 and other acute respiratory infections with cod liver oil supplementation, a low dose vitamin D supplement: quadruple blinded, randomised placebo controlled trial.

Objective: To determine if daily supplementation with cod liver oil, a low dose vitamin D supplement, in winter, prevents SARS-CoV-2 infection, serious covid-19, or other acute respiratory infections in adults in Norway.

Design: Quadruple blinded, randomised placebo controlled trial.

Setting: Norway, 10 November 2020 to 2 June 2021.