Racism and health in South Korea: history, concept, and systematic review.

Unlabelled: To understand racism and its impact on health in South Korea, it is essential to consider the political and social context of the migrant population, including ethnic Korean migrants, marriage migrants, migrant workers, and bi-ethnic adolescents. This paper has two goals. First, we examined the increasing trends of the foreign population in South Korea, with a focus on the growth of migrant workers and marriage migrants.

Analysis of intraocular lens tilt and decentration after cataract surgery in eyes with high myopia using the anterior segment optical coherence tomography.

This retrospective study investigated the degree of intraocular lens (IOL) tilt and decentration after cataract surgery in eyes with varying degrees of myopia using the anterior segment optical coherence tomography (AS-OCT). Eyes of 76 patients were analyzed and divided into three groups: mild myopia (emmetropia to - 1.5 diopter [D], Group 1), moderate myopia (- 1.

Cobalt Nitride-Implanted PtCo Intermetallic Nanocatalysts for Ultrahigh Fuel Cell Cathode Performance.

Stable and active oxygen reduction electrocatalysts are essential for practical fuel cells. Herein, we report a novel class of highly ordered platinum-cobalt (Pt-Co) alloys embedded with cobalt nitride. The intermetallic core-shell catalyst demonstrates an initial mass activity of 0.

Assessment of intraocular lens tilt and decentration after femtosecond laser-assisted and conventional cataract surgery at 12 months and beyond.

Purpose: To compare long-term intraocular lens (IOL) decentration and tilt following femtosecond laser-assisted cataract surgery (FLACS) and conventional surgery using swept-source anterior segment ocular coherence tomography (SS-ASOCT).

Methods: In this retrospective cross-sectional study, all patients underwent FLACS or conventional cataract surgery. Those with a minimum of 12-months follow-up since surgery were included.

The role of supervisor support in the association between night work and depressive symptoms: a gender-stratified analysis of 22,422 full-time wage workers in Korea.

Objectives: This study investigated the relationship between night work, supervisor support, and depressive symptoms among full-time wage workers, with a focus on gender differences.

Methods: A nationwide sample of 22,422 full-time wage workers from the Sixth Korean Working Conditions Survey (2020-2021) was analyzed. Experiences of night work were categorized into 5 groups based on the number of night work days per month: 0, 1-5, 6-10, 11-15, and 16-31.

Disparities in Workplace Hazards and Organizational Protection Resources by Enterprise Size: A National Representative Study of South Korean Manufacturing Workers.

Background: This study aimed to identify the prevalence of workplace hazards and organizational protection resources according to the size of the enterprise in the manufacturing industry of the Republic of Korea.

Methods: We analyzed data of waged workers (weighted  = 5,879) from the Fifth Korean Working Conditions Survey (2017). Enterprise sizes were categorized as "micro enterprises" (less than five employees), "small enterprises" (5-49 employees) and "medium-large enterprises" (50 or more employees).

The impact of powered circular staplers on anastomotic leak in left-sided colorectal cancer surgeries.

Background: Since the introduction of powered circular staplers in colorectal surgery, there has been growing interest in their impact on reducing complications, particularly anastomotic leakage. This study compared short-term postoperative outcomes between powered and manual circular staplers.

Methods: This retrospective study included colorectal cancer patients at the tertiary referral center from April to October 2023 who underwent anterior or low anterior resection (LAR) using a circular stapler.

High vacancy formation energy boosts the stability of structurally ordered PtMg in hydrogen fuel cells.

Alloys of platinum with alkaline earth metals promise to be active and highly stable for fuel cell applications, yet their synthesis in nanoparticles remains a challenge due to their high negative reduction potentials. Herein, we report a strategy that overcomes this challenge by preparing platinum-magnesium (PtMg) alloy nanoparticles in the solution phase. The PtMg nanoparticles exhibit a distinctive structure with a structurally ordered intermetallic core and a Pt-rich shell.

A 3 month nutrition and exercise program improved hallux strength among senior daycare center users in Korea: a cluster randomized controlled trial.

Introduction: With a growing aging population, the focus on the health and well-being of older adults, especially in preventing falls, becomes crucial. This 3 month study, initiated in July 2022, aimed to assess the impact of a nutrition and exercise program in senior daycare centers in Chuncheon, South Korea.

Methods: A 3 month study, beginning in July 2022, included 204 older adults from 10 senior daycare centers in Chuncheon, South Korea.

A heart transplant and concomitant hemiarch repair in a patient with a large ascending aortic aneurysm and a challenging sternal re-entry.

An orthotopic heart transplant and an aortic operation can be done concomitantly at centres that are experienced in both aortic operations and heart transplants with meticulous surgical strategy.

Molecular Dynamics Simulation on the Suppression Mechanism of Phosphorylation to Ser222 by Allosteric Inhibitors Targeting MEK1/2 Kinase.

Allosteric inhibitors of mitogen-activated protein kinase 1 (MEK1) reveal distinct interactions with MEK1 activation loop residues. The structural analyses will determine whether, and how, distinct inhibitors suppress the phosphorylation of MEK1 and may guide future therapeutic development. In this study, we explored the suppression mechanism of the phosphorylation process in the presence of MEK allosteric inhibitors, such as selumetinib, trametinib, cobimetinib, and CH5126766, by employing molecular dynamics simulations accompanied by principal component analysis.

Single patch technique for aortic annulus reconstruction in prosthetic valve endocarditis.

Aortic root reconstruction during aortic root replacement for a patient with prosthetic valve endocarditis and aortic root abscess can be a difficult procedure with many possible complications. In this video case report, we describe our novel technique using a single bovine pericardial patch that avoids deep stitches or external sutures to support the friable annulus. Compared with more standard methods, this approach has shorter cross-clamp and cardiopulmonary bypass times and is less demanding technically.

Light over mechanics: microbial community structure and activity in simulated migrating bedforms are controlled by oscillating light rather than by mechanical forces.

Sandy sediments of lowland streams are transported as migrating ripples. Benthic microorganisms colonizing sandy grains are exposed to frequent moving-resting cycles and are believed to be shaped by two dominant environmental factors: mechanical stress during the moving phase causing biofilm abrasion, and alternating light-dark cycles during the resting phase. Our study consisted of two laboratory experiments and aimed to decipher which environmental factor causes the previously observed hampered sediment-associated microbial activity and altered community structure during ripple migration.

Influence of additional prophylactic oral antibiotics during mechanical bowel preparation on surgical site infection in patients receiving colorectal surgery.

Background: Prophylactic antibiotics (PAs) are standard for preventing surgical site infections (SSIs) post-colorectal surgery. This study aims to compare the effect of additional empiric oral antibiotics (OAs) alongside routine PAs to identify SSI risk factors.

Methods: A retrospective observatory analysis was conducted from January 2019 to December 2022 at Asan Medical Center, Seoul, Korea.

Ethnic discrimination, asking for fair treatment, and poor self-rated health: a gender stratified analysis of 13,443 Korean Chinese waged workers in South Korea.

Background: In South Korea, Korean Chinese workers experience ethnic discrimination although they share physical similarities and ethnic heritage with native-born Koreans. This study aimed to examine whether perceived ethnic discrimination is associated with poor self-rated health and whether the association differs by gender among Korean Chinese waged workers in South Korea.

Methods: We conducted a pooled cross-sectional analysis using data of 13,443 Korean Chinese waged workers from the Survey on Immigrants' Living Conditions and Labor Force conducted in 2018, 2020, and 2022.

Deep learning framework for bovine iris segmentation.

Iris segmentation is an initial step for identifying the biometrics of animals when establishing a traceability system for livestock. In this study, we propose a deep learning framework for pixel-wise segmentation of bovine iris with a minimized use of annotation labels utilizing the BovineAAEyes80 public dataset. The proposed image segmentation framework encompasses data collection, data preparation, data augmentation selection, training of 15 deep neural network (DNN) models with varying encoder backbones and segmentation decoder DNNs, and evaluation of the models using multiple metrics and graphical segmentation results.

Extract Prevents Hepatic Steatosis by Enhancing Bile Acid Synthesis in a High-Fat Diet-Induced Fatty Liver Mouse Model.

We aimed to identify the mechanism underlying the preventive effects of non-alcoholic fatty liver disease (NAFLD) through consumption using liver proteomic and bioinformatic analysis. C57BL/6J mice were categorized into three groups: those receiving a standard chow diet (NCD), those on a high-fat diet (HFD), and those on an HFD supplemented with 5% extract (PRE). After a 12-week period, PRE-fed mice exhibited a noteworthy prevention of hepatic steatosis.

The Relationship between Pre-Anesthetic Analgesia and Nociception (ANI) and Propofol Injection Pain among Patients Receiving Remifentanil: A Prospective, Randomized, Controlled Study.

: The analgesia/nociception index (ANI) potentially monitors nociceptive status during anesthesia, but its link to preoperative pain sensitivity is unclear. We investigated the relationship between pre-anesthetic ANI scores and propofol injection pain (PIP) in patients receiving remifentanil. : This study included 124 male patients aged 19-60 undergoing general anesthesia (ASA class I or II).

Spine Metastasis Is Associated with the Development of Brain Metastasis in Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer Patients.

: The mechanisms involved in the development of brain metastasis (BM) remain elusive. Here, we investigated whether BM is associated with spine involvement in patients with non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). : A consecutive 902 patients with metastatic NSCLC were included from the Inha Lung Cancer Cohort.

Effect of Remimazolam on Pain Perception and Opioid-Induced Hyperalgesia in Patients Undergoing Laparoscopic Urologic Surgery-A Prospective, Randomized, Controlled Study.

: The effects of midazolam, a benzodiazepine, on pain perception are complex on both spinal and supraspinal levels. It is not yet known whether remimazolam clinically attenuates or worsens pain. The present study investigated the effect of intraoperative remimazolam on opioid-induced hyperalgesia (OIH) in patients undergoing general anesthesia.

Exposure to Aldehyde Cherry e-Liquid Flavoring and Its Vaping Byproduct Disrupt Pulmonary Surfactant Biophysical Function.

Over the past decade, there has been a significant rise in the use of vaping devices, particularly among adolescents, raising concerns for effects on respiratory health. Pressingly, many recent vaping-related lung injuries are unexplained by current knowledge, and the overall implications of vaping for respiratory health are poorly understood. This study investigates the effect of hydrophobic vaping liquid chemicals on the pulmonary surfactant biophysical function.

A Korean emotion-factor dataset for extracting emotion and factors in Korean conversations.

Humans express their emotions in various ways, such as through facial expressions and voices. In particular, emotions are directly expressed or indirectly implied in the text of utterance. Research on the technology to identify emotions included in human speech and generate utterances is being conducted in conversational artificial intelligence technology.