Role of Adjuvant Treatment in High-risk Patients Following Resection for Gallbladder Cancer.

Aim: To identify prognostic factors for surgically resected gallbladder cancer (GBC).

Patients And Methods: Medical records of 66 patients with GBC undergoing potentially curative resection between 2001 and 2017 were retrospectively reviewed.

Results: After a median follow-up of 39.

Two intermediate states of the conformational switch in dual specificity phosphatase 13a.

Dual specificity phosphatases (DUSPs) include MAP kinase phosphatases and atypical dual specificity phosphatases and mediate cell growth and differentiation, brain function, and immune responses. They serve as targets for drug development against cancers, diabetes and depression. Several DUSPs have non-canonical conformation of the central β-sheet and active site loops, suggesting that they may have conformational switch that is related to the regulation of enzyme activity.

Structure of the catalytic domain of protein tyrosine phosphatase sigma in the sulfenic acid form.

Protein tyrosine phosphatase sigma (PTPσ) plays a vital role in neural development. The extracellular domain of PTPσ binds to various proteoglycans, which control the activity of 2 intracellular PTP domains (D1 and D2). To understand the regulatory mechanism of PTPσ, we carried out structural and biochemical analyses of PTPσ D1D2.

Erratum to ‘‘Characterization of the regulatory roles of the SUMO.

Background: Type 1 diabetes is a multi-factorial autoimmune disease that results from the destruction of insulin-producing β cells of the pancreas; both genetic and environmental factors are thought to contribute to its development. Recently, a novel gene encoding small ubiquitin-like modifier protein 4 (SUMO4) was cloned and a single nucleotide substitution (M55V) was found to be strongly associated with type 1 diabetes. SUMO4 was shown to interact with IκBα and inhibit NFκB transcriptional activity.

Characterization of the regulatory roles of the SUMO.

Background: Type 1 diabetes is a multi-factorial autoimmune disease that results from the destruction of insulin-producing β cells of the pancreas; both genetic and environmental factors are thought to contribute to its development. Recently, a novel gene encoding small ubiquitin-like modifier protein 4 (SUMO4) was cloned and a single nucleotide substitution (M55V) was found to be strongly associated with type 1 diabetes. SUMO4 was shown to interact with IκBα and inhibit NFκB transcriptional activity.

Association of vascular endothelial growth factor polymorphisms with nonproliferative and proliferative diabetic retinopathy.

Context: Vascular endothelial growth factor (VEGF) is a potent angiogenic and vascular permeability factor, and its polymorphisms are associated with proliferative diabetic retinopathy (PDR) and macular edema.

Objective: We investigated the contributions of VEGF gene polymorphisms to nonproliferative diabetic retinopathy (NPDR) as well as PDR.

Design, Setting, And Subjects: In this study we compared VEGF gene variants in a sample of Korean type 2 diabetes patients with and without diabetic retinopathy (DR) and in healthy controls.