Patterns and preoperative risk factors of occult lymph node metastasis in clinical stage I lung cancer.

Objectives: To investigate the patterns and preoperative risk factors of occult lymph node metastasis (OLNM) in patients with stage I lung cancer.

Methods: This retrospective study evaluated patients with clinical stage I lung cancer who underwent systematic lymph node dissection. OLNM frequency by lobe (upper/lower) and preoperative risk factors of OLNM were analyzed.

The repurposing of Nitazoxanide for psoriasis treatment exerts therapeutic effects through skin metabolic reprogramming.

Nitazoxanide (NTZ), an FDA-approved drug, was originally developed for the treatment of parasitic infections. Recent studies have revealed that NTZ may also be effective in treating other diseases, including inflammatory diseases, cancer, and bacterial and viral infections. Therefore, we investigated whether NTZ could inhibit specific inflammatory pathways and reprogram metabolic processes in psoriasis to regulate inflammation.

Monodefluorinative Halogenation of Perfluoroalkyl Ketones via Organophosphorus-Mediated Selective C-F Activation.

Through the prosperity of organofluorine chemistry in modern organic synthesis, perfluorinated organic compounds are now abundant and widely available. Consequently, these substances become attractive starting materials for the production of complex, multifunctional fluorinated molecules. However, the inherent challenges associated with the activation and discrimination of the C-F bonds typically lead to overdefluorination as well as functional group incompatibility.

Stereotactic Ablative Radiotherapy Versus Surgery in Patients with Pulmonary Metastases from Colorectal Cancer.

Purpose: We compared the local control rate and toxicity of stereotactic ablative radiotherapy (SABR) versus wedge resection for colorectal pulmonary metastases.

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively reviewed medical charts and imaging of patients treated with SABR or wedge resection between 2010 and 2017 at a single institution.

Results: There were 404 patients who were treated with local therapy for 528 pulmonary metastatic lesions.

Enhanced storage and gastrointestinal stability of spray-dried whey protein emulsions with chitosan and gum Arabic.

Protein-based emulsions are widely utilized for delivering bioactives but suffer from thermodynamic instability, microbial spoilage, and gastrointestinal instability, necessitating enhancement strategies. This study explores the improvement of whey protein isolate (WPI) emulsions through chitosan (CS) coating and spray drying with maltodextrin (MD) or gum Arabic (GA). Canola oil droplets were stabilized with WPI, electrostatic coated with CS, and spray-dried.

Limonin Exhibits Anti-Inflammatory Effects by Inhibiting mTORC1 and Mitochondrial Reactive Oxygen Species in Psoriatic-like Skin Inflammation.

Psoriasis is a chronic inflammatory skin disorder characterized by abnormal immune responses and keratinocyte hyperproliferation. Limonin, a bioactive compound found in citrus fruits, has anti-inflammatory properties in various models; however, its effects on psoriasis are not fully understood. We investigated the therapeutic potential of limonin in a 12-O-tetradecanoylphorbol-13-acetate (TPA)-induced psoriasis mouse model.

Clinical implication of electrocardiogram change in patients experiencing lung transplantation with end stage lung disease.

Introduction: End-stage lung disease causes cardiac remodeling and induces electrocardiogram (ECG) changes. On the other way, whether lung transplantation (LTx) in end-stage lung disease patients are associated with ECG change is unknown. The object of this study was to investigate ECG changes before and after LTx in end-stage lung disease patients and whether these changes had clinical significance.

Post-Transplant Vitamin D Deficiency in Lung Transplant Recipients: Impact on Outcomes and Prognosis.

Despite the recognized clinical significance of vitamin D deficiency in other solid organ transplant recipients, its specific relevance in lung transplantation remains to be fully understood. In this study, we performed a retrospective observational study on the impact of vitamin D deficiency on clinical outcomes and prognosis in 125 lung transplant recipients (LTRs) from October 2014 to March 2020 at a university hospital in Seoul, South Korea. Among 125 LTRs, 51 patients (40.

Fabrication and evaluation of chitosan-coated nanostructured lipid carriers for co-delivery of paclitaxel and PD-L1 siRNA.

This study aimed to develop a nanostructured lipid carrier (NLC) capable of co-delivering paclitaxel (PTX) and programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) small interfering RNA (siRNA) to enhance PTX bioavailability and bolster immunity through PD-L1 knockdown. We prepared a PTX-loaded NLC (P-NLC) and coated it with positively charged chitosan (Chi) to create P-NLC-Chi, which was subsequently conjugated to siRNA (P-NLC-Chi-siRNA). The P-NLC-Chi formulation was optimized using the Box-Behnken design.

Regenerative Capacity of Alveolar Type 2 Cells Is Proportionally Reduced Following Disease Progression in Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis-Derived Organoid Cultures.

Background: Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is a chronic, progressive lung disease that culminates in respiratory failure and death due to irreversible scarring of the distal lung. While initially considered a chronic inflammatory disorder, the aberrant function of the alveolar epithelium is now acknowledged as playing a central role in the pathophysiology of IPF. This study aimed to investigate the regenerative capacity of alveolar type 2 (AT2) cells using IPF-derived alveolar organoids and to examine the effects of disease progression on this capacity.

Predicting superagers: a machine learning approach utilizing gut microbiome features.

Objective: Cognitive decline is often considered an inevitable aspect of aging; however, recent research has identified a subset of older adults known as "superagers" who maintain cognitive abilities comparable to those of younger individuals. Investigating the neurobiological characteristics associated with superior cognitive function in superagers is essential for understanding "successful aging." Evidence suggests that the gut microbiome plays a key role in brain function, forming a bidirectional communication network known as the microbiome-gut-brain axis.

The Neurodevelopmental Protein POGZ Suppresses Metastasis in Triple-Negative Breast Cancer by Attenuating TGFβ Signaling.

The pogo transposable element-derived zinc finger protein, POGZ, is notably associated with neurodevelopmental disorders through its role in gene transcription. Many proteins involved in neurological development are often dysregulated in cancer, suggesting a potential role for POGZ in tumor biology. Here, we provided experimental evidence that POGZ influences the growth and metastatic spread of triple-negative breast cancers (TNBC).

Immunogenicity and Predictive Factors Associated with Poor Response after Severe Acute Respiratory Syndrome Coronavirus 2 Vaccination in Lung Transplant Patients.

Lung transplant patients are more likely to develop severe coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) compared with the general population and should be vaccinated against severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2). However, previous studies have reported reduced vaccination immunogenicity in lung transplantation patients. We aimed to investigate the serological response and associated factors after SARS-CoV-2 vaccination in this population.

Imidazole propionate ameliorates atopic dermatitis-like skin lesions by inhibiting mitochondrial ROS and mTORC2.

Background: Imidazole propionate (IMP) is a histidine metabolite produced by some gut microorganisms in the human colon. Increased levels of IMP are associated with intestinal inflammation and the development and progression of cardiovascular disease and diabetes. However, the anti-inflammatory activity of IMP has not been investigated.

MTOR modulation induces selective perturbations in histone methylation which influence the anti-proliferative effects of mTOR inhibitors.

Emerging data suggest a significant cross-talk between metabolic and epigenetic programs. However, the relationship between the mechanistic target of rapamycin (mTOR), which is a pivotal metabolic regulator, and epigenetic modifications remains poorly understood. Our results show that mTORC1 activation caused by the abrogation of its negative regulator tuberous sclerosis complex 2 (TSC2) coincides with increased levels of the histone modification H3K27me3 but not H3K4me3 or H3K9me3.

Stereotypic T cell receptor clonotypes in the thymus and peripheral blood of Myasthenia gravis patients.

Myasthenia Gravis (MG) patients with anti-acetylcholine receptor (AChR) antibodies frequently show hyperplastic thymi with ectopic germinal centers, where autoreactive B cells proliferate with the aid of T cells. In this study, thymus and peripheral blood (PB) samples were collected from ten AChR antibody-positive MG patients. T cell receptor (TCR) repertoires were analyzed using next-generation sequencing (NGS), and compared with that of an age and sex matched control group generated from a public database.

Relayed Heteroatom Group Transfer: A Structural Reorganization between Bisthioester and Triaminophosphine to α,α-Disulfenylamide.

Simultaneous multiple displacements of organic molecules can lead to a large structural reconstruction with increased complexity that would be difficult to access otherwise. Whereas double displacement such as olefin metathesis is well-established, higher-order versions remain much more challenging, because of their intrinsic thermodynamic disadvantages. Here, we describe a newly discovered relayed heteroatom group transfer process between bisthioesters and triaminophosphines as an unusual example of a formal triple displacement.

Access to Multifunctionalized Tetrasubstituted Carbon Centers Bearing up to Three Different Heteroatoms via Tandem Geminal Chlorofluorination of 1,2-Dicarbonyl Compounds.

The incorporation of noncarbon heteroatoms into organic molecules typically instills characteristic and often valuable functionalities. The copresence of different heteroatoms can further broaden their utility through the synergistic cooperative effects, which may even lead to the discovery of formerly unavailable properties that are not just a simple accumulation of each function. However, despite increasing interest in the controllable installation of heteroatoms, it has been extremely challenging to construct carbon centers having three different heteroatoms in a synthetically useful manner.

Evaluation of Gelation Properties of Salt-Soluble Proteins Extracted from Larvae and Larvae and Application to Pork Myofibrillar Protein Gel System.

The purpose of this study was to investigate the functional properties of salt-soluble proteins obtained from (PB) and (TM) larvae, the interaction between these proteins and pork myofibrillar protein (MP) in a gel system. The gel properties of salt-soluble protein extracts showed that the PB had a higher viscosity than the TM protein. However, the TM protein had higher gel strength compared with the PB protein.

Galactomannan Titer as a Diagnostic Marker of Invasive Pulmonary Aspergillosis in Lung Transplant Recipients: A Single-Center Retrospective Cohort Study.

Invasive pulmonary aspergillosis (IPA) can occur in immunocompromised patients, and an early detection and intensive treatment are crucial. We sought to determine the potential of Aspergillus galactomannan antigen titer (AGT) in serum and bronchoalveolar lavage fluid (BALF) and serum titers of beta-D-glucan (BDG) to predict IPA in lung transplantation recipients, as opposed to pneumonia unrelated to IPA. We retrospectively reviewed the medical records of 192 lung transplant recipients.

Fluorine-Assisted Rearrangement of Geminal Azidofluorides to Imidoyl Fluorides.

Organoazide rearrangement constitutes versatile synthetic strategies but typically requires an extremely strong acid and/or a high reaction temperature. Our group recently discovered the remarkable accelerating effect of the geminal fluorine substituent that enables the facile rearrangement of azides into imidoyl fluorides without the aid of acid under much milder reaction conditions. The role of geminal fluorine was elucidated by both experimental and computational investigations.

Antigen-independent IL-17A production by bystander-activated CD4IL-1R1 cells in patients with multiple sclerosis.

Multiple sclerosis (MS) is a demyelinating disease caused by auto-antigen recognizing CD4 T cells. However, IL-17A-producing CD4 T cells that are bystander-activated by IL-1β and IL-23, and T cell receptors independently, could contribute to experimental autoimmune encephalomyelitis. Here, we studied the differences in the frequency and function of bystander-activated CD4 T cells in patients with MS.