Unveiling the Multitarget Potential of a Rare Caffeoyl Ester from for Diabetes Mellitus: An Integrated In Vitro and In Silico Study.

As a part of our ongoing search for bioactive constituents of , we isolated 4--caffeoyl-2--methyl-d-threonic acid (PPT-14). This is a rare caffeic acid ester derivative that is reported here for the first time in the Artemisia species, which is the third occurrence in any plant species worldwide. In this study, we evaluated the anti-diabetic potential of PPT-14 using in vitro and in silico approaches.

Triterpenoids from Potentilla chinensis Inhibit RANKL-Induced Osteoclastogenesis in Vitro and Lipopolysaccharide-Induced Osteolytic Bone Loss in Vivo.

In this study, a phytochemical investigation on the methanol extract of Potentilla chinensis led to the isolation of eleven triterpenoids including ursolic acid (1), pomolic acid (2), tormentic acid (3), 2-epi-corosolic acid (4), 3-epi-corosolic acid (ECA, 5), 3β-hydroxyurs-11-en-13β(28)-olide (6), euscaphic acid (7), 2-epi-tormentic acid (8), corosolic acid (9), uvaol (10), and 3-O-acetylpomolic acid (11). Among them, ECA (5) showed potential anti-osteoclastogenic activity. To the best of our knowledge, this represents the first isolation of ECA (5) from P.

Comparison of qPCR and chromogenic culture methods for rapid detection of group B streptococcus colonization in Vietnamese pregnant women.

Introduction: Neonatal infections can rapidly become severe, with delays in treatment often proving fatal. (Group B , GBS) is a common cause, typically transmitted from colonized pregnant women to neonates during childbirth. In Vietnam, routine prenatal care lacks standardized GBS screening protocols.

Terpenoids and steroids from aerial parts of Achillea alpina L. as PTP1B inhibitors: Kinetic analysis and molecular docking studies.

Achillea alpina L. (Alpine yarrow) is a noteworthy herb in the genus Achillea with many uses in vegetables and traditionally used to treat stomach disorders. In our continuous research on the chemical constituents and biological activities of medicinal plants, ten previously undescribed terpenoids including eight eudesmane-type sesquiterpenes (1-8), one nor-eudesmane-type sesquiterpene (9), one cyclo-geraniol derivative (10), and twenty-one known compounds were isolated and structurally elucidated from the aerial parts of A.

Irilin D suppresses RANKL-induced osteoclastogenesis and prevents inflammation-induced bone loss by disrupting the NF-κB and MAPK signaling pathways.

Excessive activity of osteoclasts(OCs) lead to bone resorption in chronic inflammatory conditions. The use of natural compounds to target OCs offers significant promise in the treatment or prevention of OC-associated diseases. Irilin D (IRD), a natural isoflavone derived from Belamcanda chinensis (L.

Sucrosephenylpropanoid esters and isoflavonoids isolated from Belamcanda chinensis roots and their potential anti-osteoclastogenic activity.

Repeated chromatography of the CHCl and EtOAc soluble fractions from the methanol extract of Belamcanda chinensis root yielded six new sucrosephenylpropanoid esters (1-6) and twenty-one known compounds (7-27). The structures of 1-6 were elucidated using diverse nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) techniques and high-resolution mass spectrometry (HRMS) data analysis, together with chemical methods. All the twenty-seven isolated compounds were evaluated for their anti-osteoclastogenic activities.

Model of implementing proficiency testing in Vietnam, a developing country.

Backgrounds And Aims: The aim of this study is to provide a good approach for a quantitative EQA scheme assigned value with limited resources.

Materials And Methods: Twelve lyophilized EQA items were distributed to participants in 2021 from North to Southeast Vietnam to measure the concentration of nine parameters, including glucose, urea, creatinine, cholesterol, triglyceride, uric acid, AST, ALT, and GGT. The consensus value of the expert group and all participants were calculated and statistically compared to choose the most appropriate consensus value.

Effect of body mass index on N-terminal pro-brain natriuretic peptide values in patients with heart failure.

Background: N-terminal pro-B-type natriuretic peptide (NT-proBNP) is a biomarker used for the diagnosis of heart failure. There is a relationship between NT-proBNP levels and body mass index (BMI). The study aimed to explore the impact of BMI on NT-proBNP concentrations and to examine whether other factors independent of or combined with BMI affect NT-proBNP values in patients with heart failure.

1,5-Anhydro-d-glucitol derivative and galloylated flavonoids isolated from the leaves of Acer ginnala Maxim. as dual inhibitors of PTP1B and α-glucosidase enzymes: In vitro and in silico studies.

Four undescribed compounds (two 1,5-anhydro-d-glucitol derivatives and two galloyl derivatives) and fourteen known compounds were isolated and structurally identified from leaves of Acer ginnala Maxim. (Amur maple). Structures and absolute configurations of the four undescribed compounds were determined using extensive analysis of NMR spectroscopic, HRESI-MS, modified Mosher ester method, and comparison with spectroscopic data of known compounds.

Structures and antiosteoclastogenic activity of compounds isolated from edible lotus (Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn.) leaves and stems.

One new 1,4-bis-phenyl-1,4-butanedione glycoside (14), one new eudesmane-type sesquiterpenoid (16), and 16 known compounds were isolated from the leaves and stems of Nelumbo nucifera Gaertn. The structures of the isolated compounds were elucidated by interpretation of their 1D and 2D NMR spectroscopic and HRESIMS data. Time-dependent density functional theory calculations and Electronic Circular Dichroism (ECD) spectroscopy was used to determine absolute configurations of the new eudesmane-type sesquiterpenoid (16).

Effect of Initial Vancomycin Dose and Creatinine Clearance on the Attainment of Target Trough Concentration in Children.

Background: Vancomycin is a glycopeptide antibiotic that is used to treat serious grampositive infections. However, therapeutic drug monitoring for vancomycin is not performed routinely in Vietnam in clinical practices. Monitoring of serum vancomycin concentration or trough levels is necessary to ensure the efficacy and safety of vancomycin therapy.

PTP1B and α-glucosidase inhibitory activities of the chemical constituents from Hedera rhombea fruits: Kinetic analysis and molecular docking simulation.

In this study, we present the first investigation of Hedera rhombea Bean fruit, which led to the isolation of six undescribed compounds including two megastigmane glucosides, two rare 1,4-dioxane neolignanes, and two quinic acid derivatives, together with 26 known compounds. Their structures and absolute configurations were elucidated by extensive analysis of NMR spectroscopic data, HRMS, and ECD calculations. This is the first report on the isolation of methyl 3-O-caffeoyl-5-O-p-coumaroylquinate from a natural source.

Anti-osteoclastogenic Effects of Indole Alkaloids Isolated from Barley ( Var. ) Grass.

As part of our continuous program to identify new potential candidates for controlling osteolytic bone diseases from natural products, the alkaloid fraction of barley ( var. ) grass (HVA) significantly inhibited RANKL-induced osteoclast formation and protected mice from LPS-induced bone loss. A phytochemical investigation of HVA afforded nine indole alkaloids, including one new compound [hordeumin A ()] and eight known analogues (-).

Within-host evolutionary dynamics of seasonal and pandemic human influenza A viruses in young children.

The evolution of influenza viruses is fundamentally shaped by within-host processes. However, the within-host evolutionary dynamics of influenza viruses remain incompletely understood, in part because most studies have focused on infections in healthy adults based on single timepoint data. Here, we analyzed the within-host evolution of 82 longitudinally sampled individuals, mostly young children, infected with A/H1N1pdm09 or A/H3N2 viruses between 2007 and 2009.

Coxsackievirus A16 in Southern Vietnam.

Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease (HFMD) is a major public health concern in the Asia-Pacific region. Most recent HFMD outbreaks have been caused by enterovirus A71 (EV-A71), coxsackievirus A16 (CVA16), CVA10, and CVA6. There has been no report regarding the epidemiology and genetic diversity of CVA16 in Vietnam.

Garcinoxanthones SV, new xanthone derivatives from the pericarps of Garcinia mangostana together with their cytotoxic and antioxidant activities.

Xanthones (9H-xanthene-9-ones) are considered to be very promising compounds due to a variety of interesting biological and pharmacological activities. In this study, column chromatography of the methanol extract of the Garcinia mangostana L. pericarps resulted in the isolation of four new xanthones (garcinoxanthones SV, 1-4) and five known analogs including garcinone E (5), 11-hydroxy-1-isomangostin (6) mangostenone E (7), 1,3,6,7-tetrahydroxyxanthone (8), and α-mangostin (9).

Albanol B from Mulberries Exerts Anti-Cancer Effect through Mitochondria ROS Production in Lung Cancer Cells and Suppresses In Vivo Tumor Growth.

Albanol B (ABN-B), an arylbenzofuran derivative isolated from mulberries, has been shown to have anti-Alzheimer's disease, anti-bacterial and antioxidant activities. The aim of this study was to investigate the anti-cancer effect of this compound against lung cancer cells. The results show that ABN-B inhibited the proliferation of four human lung cancer cell lines (A549, BZR, H1975, and H226) and induced apoptosis, based on the cleavage of caspase-7 and PARP (poly (ADP-ribose) polymerase), as well as the downregulation of Bcl-2.

Phytochemical and pharmacological properties of Myristica fragrans Houtt.: an updated review.

Myristica fragrans Houtt. (Myristicaceae), an aromatic evergreen tree, is well known as a commercial source of mace (aril) and nutmeg (seed), which have long been widely used as spices in the culinary field. In addition, various parts of M.

Inhibition of PTP1B by farnesylated 2-arylbenzofurans isolated from Morus alba root bark: unraveling the mechanism of inhibition based on in vitro and in silico studies.

Among the 2-arylbenzofuran derivatives isolated from Morus alba, the farnesylated 2-arylbenzofuran is a rarer constituent. The derivative has been reported to exert anti-obesity effect; however, its inhibitory effect on protein tyrosine phosphatase 1B (PTP1B) has not been investigated. In the previous study, the presence of the farnesyl group in the structure of 2-arylbenzofurans was found to have positive influences on their pancreatic lipase inhibitory activity.

A Diketopiperazine, -(L-Pro-L-Ile), Derived From JCK-1233 Controls Pine Wilt Disease by Elicitation of Moderate Hypersensitive Reaction.

Pine wilt disease (PWD) caused by the pine wood nematode (PWN) is one of the devastating diseases affecting pine forests worldwide. Although effective control measurements are still missing, induction of resistance could represent a possible eco-friendly alternative. In this study, induced resistance-based and screening tests were carried out for selection of bacteria with the ability to suppress PWD.

Clinical, etiological and epidemiological investigations of hand, foot and mouth disease in southern Vietnam during 2015 - 2018.

Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) continues to challenge Asia with pandemic potential. In Vietnam, there have been two major outbreaks occurring during 2011-2012 (>200,000 hospitalizations and >200 deaths) and more recently in 2018 (>130,000 hospitalizations and 17 deaths). Given the high burden and the complex epidemic dynamics of HFMD, synthesizing its clinical and epidemiological data remains essential to inform the development of appropriate interventions and design public health measures.

Antioxidant and Antidiabetic Activities of Flavonoid Derivatives from the Outer Skins of L.

The onion, known as the bulb onion or common onion, is not only a key ingredient in many tasty and healthy vegetarian meals but also many traditional medicines. Nine new flavonoids [cepaflavas A, B (, ), cepadials A-D (- and ), and cepabiflas A-C (-)] and six known compounds (-, , ) were obtained from the outer skins of L. Among them, compounds , , and might be artificial products formed during extraction and isolation.

Tetra-aryl cyclobutane and stilbenes from the rhizomes of Rheum undulatum and their α-glucosidase inhibitory activity: Biological evaluation, kinetic analysis, and molecular docking simulation.

One achiral tetra-aryl cyclobutane [rheundulin A (1)] and three stilbene glycosides [rheundulins B-D (2-4)] were isolated from the methanol extract of Rheum undulatum L., along with eight known compounds (5-12). Structural determination of the new compounds (1-4) was accomplished using comprehensive spectroscopic methods.

Neutralizing Antibodies against Enteroviruses in Patients with Hand, Foot and Mouth Disease.

Hand, foot and mouth disease (HFMD) is an emerging infection with pandemic potential. Knowledge of neutralizing antibody responses among its pathogens is essential to inform vaccine development and epidemiologic research. We used 120 paired-plasma samples collected at enrollment and >7 days after the onset of illness from HFMD patients infected with enterovirus A71 (EV-A71), coxsackievirus A (CVA) 6, CVA10, and CVA16 to study cross neutralization.