High-purity 1,2-dimyristoyl--glycero-3-phosphocholine: synthesis and emulsifying performance evaluation.

Introduction: 1,2-Dimyristoyl--glycero-3-phosphocholine (DMPC) is a promising emulsifier for bioactive delivery systems, but its industrial applications are limited by the lack of cost-effective and scalable synthetic routes. The purpose of this study was to economically produce high-purity DMPC by replacing commonly used column chromatography methods and to evaluate the emulsifying performance.

Methods: DMPC was synthesized from -glycero-3-phosphocholine using Steglich esterification followed by sequential recrystallization from ethyl acetate and acetone.

Preclinical Bioavailability Assessment of a Poorly Water-Soluble Drug, HGR4113, Using a Stable Isotope Tracer.

Drug solubility limits intravenous dosing for poorly water-soluble medicines, which misrepresents their bioavailability estimation. The current study explored a method using a stable isotope tracer to assess the bioavailability of drugs that are poorly water-soluble. HGR4113 and its deuterated analog, HGR4113-d7, were tested as model drugs.

Identification of galacturonic acid-rich polysaccharide with intestinal immune system modulating activity via Peyer's patch from postbiotics of Phellinus linteus mycelial submerged culture.

Interests in the development and exploration of industrial applications of medicinal mushrooms as postbiotics have lately increased. We recently reported the potential use of Phellinus linteus mycelial-containing whole culture extract (PLME) prepared by submerged cultivation as a postbiotic that promotes immune system activation. Here, we aimed to isolate and structurally elucidate the active ingredients in PLME by activity-guided fractionation.

BAM15 Relieves Neurodegeneration in Aged and Extends Lifespan.

BAM15 was recently screened as a protonophore uncoupler specifically for the mitochondrial membrane but not the plasma membrane. It is equally as potent as FCCP, but less toxic. Previously, mitochondrial uncoupling via DNP alleviates neurodegeneration in the nematode during aging.

Immunostimulatory Effect of Postbiotics Prepared from Mycelial Submerged Culture via Activation of Spleen and Peyer's Patch in C3H/HeN Mice.

Medicinal mushrooms are an important natural resource promoting health benefits. Herein, mycelia were prepared under submerged cultivation, the mycelium-containing culture broth was extracted as a whole to obtain the postbiotic materials (PLME), and its effect on the immune system was evaluated in normal C3H/HeN mice. Oral administration of PLME for 4 weeks was well tolerated and safe.

Lightwand-Guided Insertion of Flexible Reinforced Laryngeal Mask Airway: Comparison with Standard Digital Manipulation Insertion.

BACKGROUND The flexibility of the long flexometallic tube makes insertion of the flexible reinforced laryngeal mask airway (f-LMA) difficult. We compared the usefulness of rigid lightwand-guided f-LMA insertion with standard digital manipulation. MATERIAL AND METHODS Fifty-four patients (aged 19-70 years) were randomly divided into a control group (digital manipulation technique) or the lightwand group (lightwand-guided insertion technique).

Loss of association between HbA1c and vascular disease in older adults with type 1 diabetes.

Aims: Robust evidence supports intensive glucose control in those with recently diagnosed type 1 diabetes to reduce the risk of developing micro- and macrovascular complications. Data to support longitudinal glycaemic targets is lacking. We aimed to explore if longer duration of diabetes and greater age might reduce the impact of glycaemia on the risk of vascular complications.

Enhancement of Quercetin-Induced Apoptosis by Cotreatment with Autophagy Inhibitor Is Associated with Augmentation of BAK-Dependent Mitochondrial Pathway in Jurkat T Cells.

A flavonoid antioxidant quercetin promotes dose-dependent activation of the ATM-CHK-p53 pathway, downregulation of antiapoptotic survivin, and upregulation of proapoptotic NOXA in human T cell acute lymphoblastic leukemia Jurkat clones (J/Neo and J/BCL-XL). However, the downregulation of antiapoptotic BAG3 and MCL-1 occurred in J/Neo cells but not in J/BCL-XL cells overexpressing BCL-XL. Additionally, several BCL-XL-sensitive intrinsic mitochondrial apoptotic events including apoptotic sub-G cell accumulation, TUNEL-positive DNA fragmentation, BAK activation, mitochondrial membrane potential (m) loss, caspase-9/caspase-8/caspase-3 activation, and PARP cleavage were induced only in J/Neo cells.

Pharmacologic Inhibition of Autophagy Sensitizes Human Acute Leukemia Jurkat T Cells to Acacetin-Induced Apoptosis.

Exposure of Jurkat T cell clone (J/Neo cells) to acacetin (5,7-dihydroxy-4'-methoxyflavone), which is present in barnyard millet ( (A. Braun)) grains, caused cytotoxicity, enhancement of apoptotic sub-G rate, Bak activation, loss of mitochondrial membrane potential (Δψ), activation of caspase-9 and caspase-3, degradation of poly(ADP-ribose) polymerase, and FITC-Annexin V-stainable phosphatidylserine exposure on the external surface of the cytoplasmic membrane without accompanying necrosis. These apoptotic responses were abrogated in Jurkat T cell clone (J/Bcl-xL) overexpressing Bcl-xL.