Language and Attention Networks Have Distinct Roles in Language Improvement Following an Intensive Comprehensive Aphasia Program.

Background: Attention is known to play an important role in language, and attentional deficits have been associated with language impairments in people with aphasia (PWA). A prior study by our laboratory indicated that behavioral measures for PWA participating in an intensive comprehensive aphasia program (ICAP) clustered into 1 language and 1 attention-related factor, with each factor correlated with independent resting state functional connectivity (rsFC) networks. The present study includes additional attention measures and participants to better assess the relationship between attention, language, and rsFC.

Evaluation of telehealth in delivering diagnostic developmental assessments for children in South Western Sydney during the COVID-19 pandemic: Clinician and family perspectives.

Aims: Children with neuro-developmental disorders faced significant challenges in accessing services during the COVID-19 pandemic. Telehealth has been adopted by health services globally to facilitate access to clinical services. Our aims were to evaluate the utility of the telehealth modality for providing developmental assessment services and explore enablers and barriers to using telehealth, in a culturally diverse and socioeconomically disadvantaged population in Sydney.

PEGylated Recombinant Ink Toxin Depletes Arginine and Lysine and Inhibits the Growth of Tumor Xenografts.

In recent years, a novel treatment method for cancer has emerged, which is based on the starvation of tumors of amino acids like arginine. The deprivation of arginine in serum is based on enzymatic degradation and can be realized by arginine deaminases like the l-amino acid oxidase found in the ink toxin of the sea hare . Previously isolated from the ink, the l-amino acid oxidase was described to oxidate the essential amino acids l-lysine and l-arginine to their corresponding deaminated alpha-keto acids.

Access to child developmental assessment services in culturally and linguistically diverse metropolitan Sydney: a retrospective cohort analysis.

Background: Despite the increasing prevalence of neurodevelopmental disorders (NDD), data regarding access to child development services have remained limited globally. Long wait times are a major barrier to developmental assessments, impacting on care and outcomes. The aim is to retrospectively analyse the demographic profile and prioritisation of patients seen at a child developmental assessment service (CDAS) in a vulnerable region of Sydney, and explore factors affecting wait times.

Penalized Principal Component Analysis using Nesterov Smoothing.

Principal components computed via PCA (principal component analysis) are traditionally used to reduce dimensionality in genomic data or to correct for population stratification. In this paper, we explore the penalized eigenvalue problem (PEP) which reformulates the computation of the first eigenvector as an optimization problem and adds an L1 penalty constraint. The contribution of our article is threefold.

Resistance to host antimicrobial peptides mediates resilience of gut commensals during infection and aging in .

Resilience to short-term perturbations, like inflammation, is a fundamental feature of microbiota, yet the underlying mechanisms of microbiota resilience are incompletely understood. Here, we show that , a major commensal, stably colonizes the fruit fly gut during infection and is resistant to antimicrobial peptides (AMPs). By transposon screening, we identified mutants sensitive to AMPs.

Human GBP1 Is Involved in the Repair of Damaged Phagosomes/Endolysosomes.

Mouse guanylate-binding proteins (mGBPs) are recruited to various invasive pathogens, thereby conferring cell-autonomous immunity against these pathogens. However, whether and how human GBPs (hGBPs) target (Mtb) and (Lm) remains unclear. Here, we describe hGBPs association with intracellular Mtb and Lm, which was dependent on the ability of bacteria to induce disruption of phagosomal membranes.

Fatigue Influences Social Participation in Aphasia: A Cross-sectional and Retrospective Study Using Patient-Reported Measures.

Objective: To examine associations between social participation, fatigue, and aphasia severity using patient-reported outcome measures and to examine associations between demographic/diagnostic variables and fatigue in people with aphasia.

Design: Retrospective analysis of patient-reported outcome measures using a Bayesian framework.

Setting: Urban rehabilitation research hospital.

Biomarker sST2 in Adults with Transposition of the Great Arteries Palliated by Mustard Procedure: A Five-Year Follow-up.

The Mustard procedure was an early cardiac surgery for transposition of the great arteries (TGA). Despite being successful, it has been associated with long-term arrhythmias and heart failure. A key factor complicating management in adults with congenital heart disease (CHD) is the deficiency of biomarkers predicting outcome.

Flagellin lysine methyltransferase FliB catalyzes a [4Fe-4S] mediated methyl transfer reaction.

The methyltransferase FliB posttranslationally modifies surface-exposed ɛ-N-lysine residues of flagellin, the protomer of the flagellar filament in Salmonella enterica (S. enterica). Flagellin methylation, reported originally in 1959, was recently shown to enhance host cell adhesion and invasion by increasing the flagellar hydrophobicity.

Intercellular coupling between peripheral circadian oscillators by TGF-β signaling.

Coupling between cell-autonomous circadian oscillators is crucial to prevent desynchronization of cellular networks and disruption of circadian tissue functions. While neuronal oscillators within the mammalian central clock, the suprachiasmatic nucleus, couple intercellularly, coupling among peripheral oscillators is controversial and the molecular mechanisms are unknown. Using two- and three-dimensional mammalian culture models in vitro (mainly human U-2 OS cells) and ex vivo, we show that peripheral oscillators couple via paracrine pathways.

Retraction: α-GalCer ameliorates listeriosis by accelerating infiltration of Gr-1 cells into the liver.

Retraction: Emoto, M., Emoto, Y., Yoshizawa, I.

SpikeInterface, a unified framework for spike sorting.

Much development has been directed toward improving the performance and automation of spike sorting. This continuous development, while essential, has contributed to an over-saturation of new, incompatible tools that hinders rigorous benchmarking and complicates reproducible analysis. To address these limitations, we developed SpikeInterface, a Python framework designed to unify preexisting spike sorting technologies into a single codebase and to facilitate straightforward comparison and adoption of different approaches.

The ALPK1/TIFA/NF-κB axis links a bacterial carcinogen to R-loop-induced replication stress.

Exposure of gastric epithelial cells to the bacterial carcinogen Helicobacter pylori causes DNA double strand breaks. Here, we show that H. pylori-induced DNA damage occurs co-transcriptionally in S-phase cells that activate NF-κB signaling upon innate immune recognition of the lipopolysaccharide biosynthetic intermediate β-ADP-heptose by the ALPK1/TIFA signaling pathway.

Inhibitors of metalloprotease, γ-sectretase, protein kinase C and Rho kinase inhibit wild-type adenoviral replication.

Adenoviruses cause upper respiratory infections, conjunctivitis, keratitis, and gastrointestinal illness. These can be fatal in immunocompromised individuals. Adenoviruses have also been engineered into viral vectors to deliver therapeutic genes or induce immunity as vaccine carriers.

Author Correction: The Henna pigment Lawsone activates the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor and impacts skin homeostasis.

An amendment to this paper has been published and can be accessed via a link at the top of the paper.

Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor Modulation by Tuberculosis Drugs Impairs Host Defense and Treatment Outcomes.

Antimicrobial resistance in tuberculosis (TB) is a public health threat of global dimension, worsened by increasing drug resistance. Host-directed therapy (HDT) is an emerging concept currently explored as an adjunct therapeutic strategy for TB. One potential host target is the ligand-activated transcription factor aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR), which binds TB virulence factors and controls antibacterial responses.

Host monitoring of quorum sensing during infection.

rapidly adapts to altered conditions by quorum sensing (QS), a communication system that it uses to collectively modify its behavior through the production, release, and detection of signaling molecules. QS molecules can also be sensed by hosts, although the respective receptors and signaling pathways are poorly understood. We describe a pattern of regulation in the host by the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR) that is critically dependent on qualitative and quantitative sensing of quorum.

The Henna pigment Lawsone activates the Aryl Hydrocarbon Receptor and impacts skin homeostasis.

As a first host barrier, the skin is constantly exposed to environmental insults that perturb its integrity. Tight regulation of skin homeostasis is largely controlled by the aryl hydrocarbon receptor (AhR). Here, we demonstrate that Henna and its major pigment, the naphthoquinone Lawsone activate AhR, both in vitro and in vivo.

ADP heptose, a novel pathogen-associated molecular pattern identified in .

The gastric pathogen activates the NF-κB pathway in human epithelial cells the recently discovered α-kinase 1 TRAF-interacting protein with forkhead-associated domain (TIFA) axis. We and others showed that this pathway can be triggered by heptose 1,7-bisphosphate (HBP), an LPS intermediate produced in gram-negative bacteria that represents a new pathogen-associated molecular pattern (PAMP). Here, we report that our attempts to identify HBP in lysates of revealed surprisingly low amounts, failing to explain NF-κB activation.

Burden of adverse childhood experiences in children attending paediatric clinics in South Western Sydney, Australia: a retrospective audit.

Objectives: Adverse childhood experiences (ACE) are associated with poor short, medium and long-term health outcomes. South Western Sydney (SWS) has a large culturally diverse population, including many disadvantaged population groups. Our aims were to determine the burden of ACE in children attending community paediatric (CP) clinics using a purposefully developed ACE checklist, and explore any association with developmental health of children.