Rapid Weight Gain After Pediatric Kidney Transplant and Development of Cardiometabolic Risk Factors Among Children Enrolled in the North American Pediatric Renal Trials and Collaborative Studies Cohort.

Introduction: Given the risks of cardiovascular disease among pediatric kidney transplant recipients, we evaluated whether there was an association between rapid weight gain (RWG) following kidney transplantation and the development of obesity and hypertension among children enrolled in the North American Pediatric Renal Trials and Collaborative Studies (NAPRTCS) registry.

Methods: This retrospective analysis of the NAPRTCS transplant cohort assessed for RWG in the first year post-transplant and evaluated for obesity and hypertension in children with and without RWG up to 5 years post-transplant. We evaluated three separate eras (1986-1999, 2000-2009, and 2010-2021).

Does Cement Viscosity Impact Antibiotic Elution and In Vitro Efficacy Against Common Prosthetic Joint Infection Pathogens?

Background: Polymethylmethacrylate (PMMA) antibiotic-laden bone cement (ALBC) is commonly used in total joint arthroplasty to treat and potentially prevent prosthetic joint infection (PJI). Multiple properties impact the elution characteristics of antibiotics from PMMA-based ALBC, including viscosity. What is not known is how medium-viscosity cement formulations affect antibiotic elution and how different cement products from different manufacturers compare regarding reaching the minimum inhibitory concentration (MIC) of antibiotics for common PJI-causing organisms in an in vitro setting.

Female Representation in Integrated Interventional Radiology Residency: Trends, Underrepresentation, and Modest Growth Over 5 Years.

Objective: Women remain a minority of trainees in interventional radiology (IR) since the residency's inception in 2014. Similar phenomena have been observed in other surgical specialties. Our study aims to quantify changes in female trainee representation in integrated IR over a 5-year period from the 2018-2019 to 2022-2023 academic years and to compare with trends in other specialties.

Sleep, Screen Behaviors, and Adverse Childhood Experiences: A Cross-Sectional Study of U.S. Children and Adolescents.

To examine the associations between adverse childhood experiences (ACEs) and children's obesogenic behaviors (meeting recommendations for sleep duration and screen time) in a representative sample of U.S. children and adolescents.

Ontogenetic change in body shape for white sharks, Carcharodon carcharias, in Australian waters.

The analysis of how biological shape changes across ontogeny can provide us with valuable information on how species adapt behaviorally, physiologically, and ecologically. The white shark Carcharodon carcharias is one of the largest and most widely distributed apex predators globally, yet an understanding of ontogenetic changes in body shape and relative scaling of length and weight measures is limited, especially in relation to foraging ecology. Through analysis of a suite of shape-related metrics, we identified ontogenetic patterns of scaling throughout development.

Racial and Ethnic Representation in Nephrolithiasis Guidelines: Are They Generalizable?

Objective: To assess whether clinical trials guiding kidney stone care adequately describe the race, ethnicity, and other key demographic variables of their study populations. Guidelines such as those from the American Urological Association represent the highest level of evidence informing clinical practice. We aim to investigate if studies on which they are based include sufficiently diverse patient populations for generalizable results.

Impact of Environmental Noise and Sleep Health on Pediatric Hypertension Incidence: ABCD Study.

Background: Pediatric hypertension is linked to environmental factors like neighborhood noise disrupting sleep, which is crucial for health. The specific interaction between noise and sleep health in causing hypertension still needs to be explored.

Methods And Results: We analyzed data from 3320 participants of the ABCD (Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development) study, recruited across 21 US cities and monitored from 2018 to 2020 through 2020 to 2022.

Fidelity, acceptability, and feasibility of the revised functional autonomy measurement system for hospitalised people: An implementation study.

Introduction: The revised functional autonomy measurement system (SMAF-R) is an outcome measure of activity performance and resource needs. This study aimed to measure the implementability of the SMAF-R as a routine outcome measure in acute and subacute inpatients.

Methods: This was a mixed-methods implementation study.

The positive impact of women leadership in public sector settings: A case example in Virginia's state mental health system.

The role of psychology (and ergo, psychologists) within the public sector has shifted considerably over the preceding decades to include increasingly versatile and psychology-adjacent leadership positions. This publication focuses on brief leadership stories within a state mental health system, with an emphasis on the unique roles that women psychologists have advocated for over the years. The authors provide foundational knowledge of this state's mental health system in order to spotlight the ongoing need for effective leadership within this organization, identifying common ethical and public administration challenges, and ultimately using a structured questionnaire with women psychologists within this system to highlight their leadership roles.

Probing the binding and antiparasitic efficacy of azobenzene G-quadruplex ligands to investigate G4 ligand design.

Novel strategies against parasitic infections are of great importance. Here, we describe a G4 DNA ligand with subnanomolar antiparasitic activity against and a remarkable selectivity index (IC MRC-5/) of 2285-fold. We also correlate the impact of small structural changes to G4 binding activity and antiparasitic activity.

Profiles of racial discussions and associations with parent sociocultural factors and internalized racism in Asian American families.

While Asian American parents are key contributors in racially socializing their children, past research indicates that issues of race are not frequently discussed among Asian American families. Moreover, there is limited research on how Asian American parents' sociocultural factors predict the amount and ways they talk about race to their children. We conducted latent profile analyses among 150 Asian American parents' (M = 42.

Out-of-school Activities and Adherence to 24-hour Movement Guidelines.

Introduction: The purpose of this study was to explore associations between participation in out-of-school/weekend organized activities and adherence to the 24-hour movement guidelines among US adolescents.

Methods: Data from the 2022 National Survey of Children's Health (N=16,403, age=15.1±1.

Physical Activity and Sedentary Time Among U.S. Adolescents Before and During COVID-19: Findings From a Large Cohort Study.

Introduction: Evidence suggests that adolescents engage in less physical activity during the summer break. Less is known regarding physical activity during the summer months of the COVID-19 pandemic.

Methods: Utilizing data from the Adolescent Brain Cognitive Development study, the authors examined daily activity measured by Fitbit Charge 2 devices before and after the onset of the COVID-19 pandemic during school and summer months.

Gender diversity in pediatric surgery: academic ranks and scholarly productivity amongst pediatric surgeons.

Purpose: Despite a growing number of women entering medical school, a small proportion of women pursue surgical specialties, including pediatric surgery. This multi-center study assesses gender-based differences in measures of scholarly productivity and distribution of faculty positions.

Methods: This is a retrospective web-based study of all pediatric surgeons at twelve large institutions across the United States.

Reliability and validity of the online Pittsburgh sleep quality index in college students from low-income regions.

Objectives: We aimed to test the reliability and structural validity (also called dimensionality) of the online Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index among college students from low-income regions.

Methods: We assessed 195 Brazilian college students from a low-income region (Gini index of 0.56), of whom 117 were reassessed to evaluate the reliability.

Balancing Act: An Interdisciplinary Exploration of Trade-offs in Reproducing Females.

Trade-offs resulting from the high demand of offspring production are a central focus of many subdisciplines within the field of biology. Yet, despite the historical and current interest on this topic, large gaps in our understanding of whole-organism trade-offs that occur in reproducing individuals remain, particularly as it relates to the nuances associated with female reproduction. This volume of Integrative and Comparative Biology (ICB) contains a series of papers that focus on reviewing trade-offs from the female-centered perspective of biology (i.

Top 10 research priorities for congenital diaphragmatic hernia in Australia: James Lind Alliance Priority Setting Partnership.

Objectives: The Gaps in the Congenital Diaphragmatic Hernia (CDH) Journey Priority Setting Partnership (PSP) was developed in collaboration with CDH Australia, James Lind Alliance (JLA) and the Murdoch Children's Research Institute to identify research priorities for people with CDH, their families and healthcare workers in Australasia.

Design: Research PSP in accordance with the JLA standardised methodology.

Setting: Australian community and institutions caring for patients with CDH and their families.

Most nearby young star clusters formed in three massive complexes.

Efforts to unveil the structure of the local interstellar medium and its recent star-formation history have spanned the past 70 years (refs. ). Recent studies using precise data from space astrometry missions have revealed nearby, newly formed star clusters with connected origins.

Airway and Systemic Immunoglobulin Profiling and Immune Response in Adult Asthma.

Introduction: Immunoglobulins play a vital role in host immune response and in the pathogenesis of conditions like asthma. Therapeutic agents such as monoclonal antibodies target specific elements of the asthmatic inflammatory cascade. Decisions to utilize these medications are often based on systemic inflammatory profiling without direct insight into the airway inflammatory profile.

Influence of parental nativity and perceived neighborhood environment on physical activity and screen time of United States youth.

Objective: This study assessed how parental nativity and perceived environment are associated with physical activity and screen time of U.S. children and adolescents.

The Regulate your Sitting Time (RESIT) intervention for reducing sitting time in individuals with type 2 diabetes: findings from a randomised-controlled feasibility trial.

Background: Reducing and breaking up sitting is recommended for optimal management of Type 2 diabetes mellitus (T2DM). Yet, there is limited evidence of interventions targeting these outcomes in individuals with this condition. The primary aim of this study was to assess the feasibility and acceptability of delivering and evaluating a tailored online intervention to reduce and break up sitting in adults with T2DM.

Acetyl-CoA carboxylase obstructs CD8 T cell lipid utilization in the tumor microenvironment.

The solid tumor microenvironment (TME) imprints a compromised metabolic state in tumor-infiltrating T cells (TILs), hallmarked by the inability to maintain effective energy synthesis for antitumor function and survival. T cells in the TME must catabolize lipids via mitochondrial fatty acid oxidation (FAO) to supply energy in nutrient stress, and it is established that T cells enriched in FAO are adept at cancer control. However, endogenous TILs and unmodified cellular therapy products fail to sustain bioenergetics in tumors.