Sustained lymphocyte decreases after treatment for early breast cancer.

The role of adaptive immunity in long-term outcomes in early breast cancer is increasingly recognised. Standard (neo)adjuvant chemotherapy can have adverse effects on immune cells. We conducted a retrospective longitudinal study of full blood counts (FBC) of 200 patients receiving (neo)adjuvant chemotherapy for early breast cancer at a single institution.

and : key renal biomarkers in lupus nephritis.

Background: Lupus nephritis (LN) is an autoimmune-related kidney disease with a poor prognosis, however the potential pathogenic mechanism remains unclear and there is a lack of precise biomarkers. Therefore, a thorough screening and identification of renal markers in LN are immensely beneficial to the research on its pathogenic mechanisms and treatment strategies.

Methods: We utilized bioinformatics to analyze the differentially expressed genes (DEGs) at the transcriptome level of three clusters: total renal, glomeruli, and renal tubulointerstitium in the GEO database to discover potential renal biomarkers of LN.

Dose-Response Relationships of Moderate to Vigorous Physical Activity and Sedentary Time With Renal Function Indices in Adolescents With Reduced Renal Function: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Background: This study aimed to explore the associations between moderate to vigorous physical activity (MVPA) and sedentary time with renal function indices in adolescents with kidney disease.

Methods: A cross-sectional study was conducted on 719 adolescents (median age 15 y, 40.6% female) with kidney disease from the National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey 2007-2016.

Associations of exposure to bisphenol-A or parabens with markers of liver injury/function among US adults in NHANES 2011-2016.

Background: Bisphenol-A (BPA) and parabens are common endocrine-disrupting compounds (EDCs) that are used extensively in consumer products worldwide and are widely found in the environment.

Objective: The purpose of this study was to comprehensively explore the correlations between urinary BPA/parabens levels and liver injury/function markers.

Methods: In this cross-sectional study, we used National Health and Nutrition Examination Survey (NHANES) data from 2011 to 2016.

The activity of early-life gene regulatory elements is hijacked in aging through pervasive AP-1-linked chromatin opening.

A mechanistic connection between aging and development is largely unexplored. Through profiling age-related chromatin and transcriptional changes across 22 murine cell types, analyzed alongside previous mouse and human organismal maturation datasets, we uncovered a transcription factor binding site (TFBS) signature common to both processes. Early-life candidate cis-regulatory elements (cCREs), progressively losing accessibility during maturation and aging, are enriched for cell-type identity TFBSs.

The anti-cancer immune response in breast cancer: current and emerging biomarkers and treatments.

Triple-negative breast cancers (TNBCs) exhibit heightened T cell infiltration, contributing to an enhanced response to immune checkpoint blockade (ICB) compared with other subtypes. An immune-rich immune microenvironment correlates with improved prognosis in early and advanced TNBC. Combination chemotherapy and ICB is now the standard of care in early- and late-stage TNBC.

An analysis of reported cases of hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH) after COVID-19 vaccination.

Although COVID-19 vaccines are an effective public health tool to combat the global pandemic, serious adverse events, such as hemophagocytic lymphohistiocytosis (HLH), caused by them are a concern. In this systematic review, cases of HLH reported after COVID-19 vaccination have been examined to understand the relationship between the two and propose effective therapeutic strategies. Furthermore, ruxolitinib's potential as a cytokine inhibitor and its affinity for CD25 were initially assessed through molecular docking, aiming to aid targeted HLH therapy.

Relationship between serum uric acid and estimated glomerular filtration rate in adolescents aged 12-19 years with different body mass indices: a cross-sectional study.

Background: Globally, chronic kidney disease (CKD) is a growing public health concern. Serum uric acid (SUA) is an easily detectable and readily available biochemical indicator that has long been recognized as an independent risk factor for CKD. In addition, studies have indicated a potential relationship between SUA and body mass index (BMI).

Bibliometric analysis of scientific papers on extracellular vesicles in kidney disease published between 1999 and 2022.

In recent years, there has been an increasing interest in using extracellular vesicles (EVs) as potential therapeutic agents or natural drug delivery systems in kidney-related diseases. However, a detailed and targeted report on the current condition of extracellular vesicle research in kidney-related diseases is lacking. Therefore, this prospective study was designed to investigate the use of bibliometric analysis to comprehensively overview the current state of research and frontier trends on extracellular vesicle research in kidney-related diseases using visualization tools.

Serum ferritin as a crucial biomarker in the diagnosis and prognosis of intravenous immunoglobulin resistance and coronary artery lesions in Kawasaki disease: A systematic review and meta-analysis.

Background: Early identification and treatment are paramount for intravenous immunoglobulin (IVIG) resistance and coronary artery lesions (CALs) in patients with Kawasaki disease (KD). Unfortunately, there is no single crucial biomarker to identify these patients in a timely manner, which makes KD the most common cause of acquired heart disease in children in developed countries. Recently, many studies have focused on the association between serum ferritin (SF), IVIG resistance, and CALs in KD.

Changes of Viscoelastic Properties of Aptamer-Based Sensing Layers Following Interaction with .

A multiharmonic quartz crystal microbalance (QCM) has been applied to study the viscoelastic properties of the aptamer-based sensing layers at the surface of a QCM transducer covered by neutravidin following interaction with bacteria Addition of bacteria in the concentration range 5 × 10-10 CFU/mL resulted in a decrease of resonant frequency and in an increase of dissipation. The frequency decrease has been lower than one would expect considering the dimension of the bacteria. This can be caused by lower penetration depth of the acoustics wave (approximately 120 nm) in comparison with the thickness of the bacterial layer (approximately 500 nm).

Management and Clinical Outcome of Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome in Pediatric Oncologic/Hematologic Diseases: A PRES Subgroup Analysis With a Large Sample Size.

This study investigated the management and clinical outcomes along with associated factors of posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) in childhood hematologic/oncologic diseases. We present data from children with hematologic/oncologic diseases who developed PRES after treatment of the primary disease with chemotherapy and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) at 3 medical centers in Changsha, China from 2015 to 2020, and review all previously reported cases with the aim of determining whether this neurologic manifestation affects the disease prognosis. In the clinical cohort of 58 PRES patients, hypertension [pooled odds ratio (OR) = 4.

Immunoregulatory Effects of Mitochondria Transferred by Extracellular Vesicles.

Mitochondria participate in immune regulation through various mechanisms, such as changes in the mitochondrial dynamics, as metabolic mediators of the tricarboxylic acid cycle, by the production of reactive oxygen species, and mitochondrial DNA damage, among others. In recent years, studies have shown that extracellular vesicles are widely involved in intercellular communication and exert important effects on immune regulation. Recently, the immunoregulatory effects of mitochondria from extracellular vesicles have gained increasing attention.

Gelatin-Based 3D Microgels for In Vitro T Lineage Cell Generation.

T cells are predominantly produced by the thymus and play a significant role in maintaining our adaptive immune system. Physiological involution of the thymus occurs gradually with age, compromising naive T cell output, which can have severe clinical complications. Also, T cells are utilized as therapeutic agents in cancer immunotherapies.

Analysis of Risk Factors Associated With Poor Outcome in Posterior Reversible Encephalopathy Syndrome After Treatment in Children: Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Chemotherapy and hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (HSCT) play important roles in clinical etiology, symptoms, signs, imaging findings, and biochemical parameters for inducing posterior reversible encephalopathy syndrome (PRES) in pediatric oncologic diseases. We aimed to evaluate various risk factors of pediatric oncologic diseases after conducting chemotherapy and HSCT to induce PRES for predicting the clinical prognosis frequency. The literature was performed on PubMed, Web of Science, and Embase databases to recognize the qualified studies.

Gender Disparity Impacts on Thymus Aging and LHRH Receptor Antagonist-Induced Thymic Reconstitution Following Chemotherapeutic Damage.

One of the main consequences of thymus aging is the decrease in naïve T cell output. This condition accelerates at the onset of puberty, and presents as a major clinical complication for cancer patients who require cytoablative therapy. Specifically, the extensive use of chemotherapeutics, such as cyclophosphamide, in such treatments damage thymic structure and eliminate the existing naïve T cell repertoire.

Interplay between Follistatin, Activin A, and BMP4 Signaling Regulates Postnatal Thymic Epithelial Progenitor Cell Differentiation during Aging.

A key feature of immune functional impairment with age is the progressive involution of thymic tissue responsible for naive T cell production. In this study, we identify two major phases of thymic epithelial cell (TEC) loss during aging: a block in mature TEC differentiation from the pool of immature precursors, occurring at the onset of puberty, followed by impaired bipotent TEC progenitor differentiation and depletion of Sca-1 cTEC and mTEC lineage-specific precursors. We reveal that an increase in follistatin production by aging TECs contributes to their own demise.

Native thymic extracellular matrix improves in vivo thymic organoid T cell output, and drives in vitro thymic epithelial cell differentiation.

Although the thymus is a primary lymphoid organ, its function is compromised by an age-induced loss of resident epithelial cells, which results in reduced naïve T cell output. This has important implications for immune recovery in aged and elderly patients following damage from cytoablative therapies. As thymic architecture plays a crucial role in naïve T cell development, a tissue specific scaffold that provides essential supporting matrix may assist in stem cell-based thymus regeneration to recreate complex organoids.

A novel Foxn1 mouse model identifies Bmp4-induced maintenance of Foxn1 expression and thymic epithelial progenitor populations.

Although forkhead-box n1 (Foxn1) is a critical thymic epithelial cell regulator in thymus organogenesis, its association with epithelial differentiation and homeostasis in the postnatal and aged thymic microenvironment remains conflicting. Consequently, we have generated a Foxn1 knock-in mouse model that allows for refined investigation of the aging thymic epithelium. This reporter line differs from those previously published in that concomitant expression of enhanced green fluorescent protein enables live cell sorting of Foxn1 cell populations.

In situ-forming click-crosslinked gelatin based hydrogels for 3D culture of thymic epithelial cells.

Hydrogels prepared from naturally derived gelatin can provide a suitable environment for cell attachment and growth, making them favourable materials in tissue engineering. However, physically crosslinked gelatin hydrogels are not stable under physiological conditions while chemical crosslinking of gelatin by radical polymerization may be harmful to cells. In this study, we attached the norbornene functional group to gelatin, which was subsequently crosslinked with a polyethylene glycol (PEG) linker via the nitrile oxide-norbornene click reaction.

The quenching of CdSe quantum dots photoluminescence by gold nanoparticles in solution.

The photoluminescence (PL) of CdSe quantum dots (QD) in aqueous media has been studied in the presence of gold nanoparticles (NP) with different shapes. The steady state PL intensity of CdSe QD (1.5-2 nm in size) is quenched in the presence of gold NP.