An Immunocytochemistry Method to Investigate the Translationally Active HIV Reservoir.

Despite the success of combination antiretroviral therapy (cART) to suppress HIV replication, HIV persists in a long-lived reservoir that can give rise to rebounding viremia upon cART cessation. The translationally active reservoir consists of HIV-infected cells that continue to produce viral proteins even in the presence of cART. These active reservoir cells are implicated in the resultant viremia upon cART cessation and likely contribute to chronic immune activation in people living with HIV (PLWH) on cART.

Optimizing infant neuroimaging methods to understand the neurodevelopmental impacts of early nutrition and feeding.

There is strong evidence proper nutrition is imperative for healthy infant neurodevelopment, providing the neural foundations for later cognition and behavior. Over the first years of life infants are supported by unique sources of nutrition (e.g.

Effects of early maternal care on anxiety and threat learning in adolescent nonhuman primates.

Early life adverse experiences, including childhood maltreatment, are major risk factors for psychopathology, including anxiety disorders with dysregulated fear responses. Consistent with human studies, maltreatment by the mother (MALT) leads to increased emotional reactivity in rhesus monkey infants. Whether this persists and results in altered emotion regulation, due to enhanced fear learning or impaired utilization of safety signals as shown in human stress-related disorders, is unclear.

Flame retardants of the future: biobased, organophosphorus, reactive or oligomeric.

Polymeric materials have been a great boon to the development and wellbeing of mankind. However, in the main, these materials are flammable and must be flame retarded for most applications. Many substances have been utilized to impart a measure of flame retardancy.

Exploring the potential role of financial interventions to improve the health of families impacted by incarceration.

Purpose Of Review: To summarize the impact of financial hardship on children whose parents have been incarcerated, describe both existing cash transfer and guaranteed income programs, and highlight their impact on child and family well being.

Recent Findings: Emerging data on guaranteed income programs for formerly incarcerated adults indicates that the funds improve recipient health and legal system outcomes and allow participants to spend funds on stabilizing themselves and their families. Guaranteed income programs in the broader population similarly highlight the use of funds to support families' basic needs and improved parent-child relationships, but more data are needed to understand the impact on child health and well being among families impacted by the criminal legal system.

Single cell spatial profiling of FFPE splenic tissue from a humanized mouse model of HIV infection.

Background: Latency remains a major obstacle to finding a cure for HIV despite the availability of antiretroviral therapy. Due to virus dormancy, limited biomarkers are available to identify latent HIV-infected cells. Profiling of individual HIV-infected cells is needed to explore potential latency biomarkers and to study the mechanisms of persistence that maintain the HIV reservoir.

Quantifying brain development in the HEALthy Brain and Child Development (HBCD) Study: The magnetic resonance imaging and spectroscopy protocol.

The HEALthy Brain and Child Development (HBCD) Study, a multi-site prospective longitudinal cohort study, will examine human brain, cognitive, behavioral, social, and emotional development beginning prenatally and planned through early childhood. The acquisition of multimodal magnetic resonance-based brain development data is central to the study's core protocol. However, application of Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI) methods in this population is complicated by technical challenges and difficulties of imaging in early life.

Biospecimens in the HEALthy Brain and Child Development (HBCD) Study: Rationale and protocol.

The HEALthy Brain and Child Development (HBCD) Study, a multi-site prospective longitudinal cohort study, will examine human brain, cognitive, behavioral, social, and emotional development beginning prenatally and planned through early childhood. The longitudinal collection of biological samples from over 7000 birthing parents and their children within the HBCD study enables research on pre- and postnatal exposures (e.g.

Effects of machine learning errors on human decision-making: manipulations of model accuracy, error types, and error importance.

This study addressed the cognitive impacts of providing correct and incorrect machine learning (ML) outputs in support of an object detection task. The study consisted of five experiments that manipulated the accuracy and importance of mock ML outputs. In each of the experiments, participants were given the T and L task with T-shaped targets and L-shaped distractors.

Impact of obesity on the perinatal vaginal environment and bacterial microbiome: effects on birth outcomes.

species predominate the human vagina and are associated with positive vaginal health, including an acidic pH (<4.5). The prevalence of vaginal increases with increased oestrogen due to increased glycogen production within the vagina.

Metagenomic assessment of the bacterial breastfeeding microbiome in mature milk across lactation.

Introduction: Research has illustrated the presence of a diverse range of microbiota in human milk. The composition of the milk microbiome varies across different stages of lactation, emphasizing the need to consider the lactation stage when studying its composition. Additionally, the transfer of both milk and skin microbiota during breastfeeding is crucial for understanding their collective impact on infant health and development.

Misexpression of inactive genes in whole blood is associated with nearby rare structural variants.

Gene misexpression is the aberrant transcription of a gene in a context where it is usually inactive. Despite its known pathological consequences in specific rare diseases, we have a limited understanding of its wider prevalence and mechanisms in humans. To address this, we analyzed gene misexpression in 4,568 whole-blood bulk RNA sequencing samples from INTERVAL study blood donors.

Postrelease Risk of Overdose and All-Cause Death Among Persons Released From Jail or Prison: Minnesota, March 2020-December 2021.

To determine mortality risk among those recently released from a Minnesota jail or prison. Using linked prison, jail, and death records, our retrospective cohort study followed 99 065 people who were released from Minnesota jails and prisons between March 1, 2020, and December 31, 2021. We explored differences between jail and prison exposures regarding mortality using standardized mortality ratios.

Sex and season influence behaviour and physiology of lake trout following angling.

Catch-and-release angling exposes fish to challenges that may result in sub-lethal effects or mortality. Lake trout () undergo high rates of release because of size-based harvest regulations or voluntary angler behaviour. Here, we examine short-term impairment in lake trout angled during the summer ( = 74) and fall spawning period ( = 33) to inform best practices for angling.

Prediction of the liver safety profile of a first-in-class myeloperoxidase inhibitor using quantitative systems toxicology modeling.

The novel myeloperoxidase inhibitor verdiperstat was developed as a treatment for neuroinflammatory and neurodegenerative diseases. During development, a computational prediction of verdiperstat liver safety was performed using DILIsym v8A, a quantitative systems toxicology (QST) model of liver safety.A physiologically-based pharmacokinetic (PBPK) model of verdiperstat was constructed in GastroPlus 9.

Buprenorphine-naloxone vs. extended-release naltrexone for opioid use disorder in individuals with and without criminal legal involvement: A secondary analysis of the X:BOT randomized controlled trial.

Introduction: There is uncertainty about whether criminal legal involvement (CLI) impacts the effectiveness of medications for opioid use disorder (MOUD). We aimed to determine whether CLI modifies the association between buprenorphine-naloxone (BUP-NX) vs. extended-release naltrexone (XR-NTX) and MOUD treatment outcomes.

Student experiences with an interprofessional hope-based healthy aging research project.

Interprofessional education (IPE) and research enhances learning, team-based communication, and cross-disciplinary collaborations, which can result in higher quality care for older adults. Despite the importance of IPE, it remains underutilized in higher education, demonstrating the need for extracurricular IPE opportunities. This study describes an interprofessional research project that brought together faculty, undergraduate, and graduate students from several health and social science disciplines to design and deliver a 15-week healthy aging program for older adults living in the urban Circumpolar North.