Scrotal hematoma and subsequent abscess following urethral catheterisation.

A man in his early 70s with advanced Lewy body dementia was admitted to the hospital for treatment of aspiration pneumonia and a severe sacral pressure ulcer. An indwelling urinary catheter was placedto manage urinary retention and to prevent urine contamination of the sacral ulcer.On the 25th day of hospitalisation, swelling and tenderness developed in the patient's left scrotum.

Severity of effect considerations regarding the use of mutation as a toxicological endpoint for risk assessment: A report from the 8th International Workshop on Genotoxicity Testing (IWGT).

Exposure levels without appreciable human health risk may be determined by dividing a point of departure on a dose-response curve (e.g., benchmark dose) by a composite adjustment factor (AF).

Lack of in vivo mutagenicity of carbendazim in the liver and glandular stomach of MutaMice.

Background: Carbendazim (methyl 2-benzimidazolecarbamate, CASRN: 10605-21-7) exhibits spindle poisoning effects and is widely used as a fungicide. With respect to genotoxicity, carbendazim is deemed to be non-mutagenic in vitro, but it causes indicative DNA damage in vivo and chromosome aberrations in vitro and in vivo. In this study, we examined the mutagenicity of carbendazim in vivo.

Xiphodynia with limited decrease in the xiphoid process-sternal angle but recognised compression of the rectus abdominis.

A woman in her 70s presented with epigastric pain accompanied by radiating pain. Despite various examinations showing no abnormalities, tenderness was identified on palpation of the xiphoid process. The symptoms were alleviated with a local injection of lidocaine, leading to a diagnosis of xiphodynia.

Cross-sectional study investigating the relationship between pit recovery time and serum albumin levels in bilateral lower extremity pitting oedema.

Objectives: In this study, we re-evaluated the relationship between pit recovery time (PRT) and serum albumin levels and elucidated the factors influencing PRT.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Setting: Patients who visited the outpatient department or were admitted to a small urban hospital in Japan.

In vivo mutagenicity assessment of orally treated tert-butyl hydroperoxide in the liver and glandular stomach of MutaMouse.

Background: tert-Butyl hydroperoxide (TBHP; CAS 75-91-2), a hydroperoxide, is mainly used as a polymerization initiator to produce polyethylene, polyvinyl chloride, and unsaturated polyester. It is a high-production chemical, widely used in industrial countries, including Japan. TBHP is also used as an additive for the manufacturing of food utensils, containers, and packaging (UCP).

In vivo mutagenicity assessment of styrene in MutaMouse liver and lung.

Background: Styrene (CAS 100-42-5) is widely used as polystyrene and acrylonitrile-butadiene-styrene resin such as plastic, rubber, and paint. One of the primary uses of styrene is food utensils and containers, but a small amount of styrene transferred into food can be ingested by eating. Styrene is metabolized into styrene 7,8-oxide (SO).

Predictive Factors for the Necessity of Hospitalization of Patients With Acute Alcohol Intoxication.

Background: The aim of the study was to identify factors related to the need for hospitalization due to acute alcohol intoxication.

Methods: The data of 42 patients with acute alcohol intoxication who visited our hospital from April 1, 2014 to September 30, 2015 were available for analysis. Factors related to outcome included hospitalization or release to home, Glasgow coma scale (GCS), temperature, pulse rate, blood pressure, oxygen saturation of the peripheral artery (SpO), and respiratory rate.

Genotoxicity assessment of food-flavoring chemicals used in Japan.

We assessed the genotoxicity of 30 food-flavoring chemicals used in Japan that have not been investigated before. These 30 food-flavoring chemicals have representative chemical structures belonging to 18 chemical classes. The Ames and chromosomal aberration (CA) tests ( tests) were first conducted in accordance with the "Food Additive Risk Assessment Guidelines" of the Japan Food Safety Commission.

In vivo genotoxicity assessment of a multiwalled carbon nanotube in a mouse ex vivo culture.

Background: Multiwalled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) are suspected lung carcinogens because their shape and size are similar to asbestos. Various MWCNT types are manufactured; however, only MWNT-7 is classified into Group 2B by The International Agency for Research on Cancer. MWNT-7's carcinogenicity is strongly related to inflammatory reactions.

Potent mutagenicity of an azide, 3-azido-1,2-propanediol, in human TK6 cells.

Sodium azide is a strong mutagen that has been successfully employed in mutation breeding of crop plants. In biological systems, it is metabolically converted to the proximate mutagen azidoalanine, which requires further bioactivation to a putative ultimate mutagen that remains elusive. The nature of the DNA modifications induced by azides leading to mutations is also unknown.

Useful clinical findings and simple laboratory data for the diagnosis of seasonal influenza.

Background: When using rapid antigen test kits for the diagnosis of influenza, false-negative results may occur if done too soon after the onset of symptoms. The purpose of this study was done to determine clinical laboratory items other than rapid antigen testing are useful for diagnosing influenza.

Methods: The subjects were 915 patients who visited the outpatient clinic of hospital between April 2010 and March 2017 during the influenza epidemic seasons, from December to April, and had both fever of 37.

In vivo and in vitro mutagenicity of perillaldehyde and cinnamaldehyde.

Background: Perillaldehyde and cinnamaldehyde are natural substances found in plants that are used as flavoring ingredients. Due to the α,β-unsaturated aldehydes in their structures, these compounds are expected to be DNA reactive. Indeed, several reports have indicated that perillaldehyde and cinnamaldehyde show positive in in vitro and in vivo genotoxicity tests.

Development of a new quantitative structure-activity relationship model for predicting Ames mutagenicity of food flavor chemicals using StarDrop™ auto-Modeller™.

Background: Food flavors are relatively low molecular weight chemicals with unique odor-related functional groups that may also be associated with mutagenicity. These chemicals are often difficult to test for mutagenicity by the Ames test because of their low production and peculiar odor. Therefore, application of the quantitative structure-activity relationship (QSAR) approach is being considered.

Standard protocol for the PIGRET assay, a high-throughput reticulocyte Pig-a assay with an immunomagnetic separation, used in the interlaboratory trial organized by the Mammalian Mutagenicity Study Group of the Japanese Environmental Mutagen and Genome Society.

The PIGRET assay is one of the Pig-a assays targeting reticulocytes (RETs), an in vivo genotoxicity evaluation method using flow cytometry with endogenous reporter glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor protein. The PIGRET assay with RETs selectively enriched with anti-CD71 antibodies has several desirable features: high-throughput assay system, low background frequency of mutant cells, and early detection of mutation. To verify the potential and usefulness of the PIGRET assay for short-term testing, an interlaboratory trial involving 16 laboratories organized by the Mammalian Mutagenicity Study Group of the Japanese Environmental Mutagen and Genome Society was conducted.

Benchmark dose analysis of multiple genotoxicity endpoints in gpt delta mice exposed to aristolochic acid I.

As the carcinogenic risk of herbs containing aristolochic acids (AAs) is a global health issue, quantitative evaluation of toxicity is needed for the regulatory decision-making and risk assessment of AAs. In this study, we selected AA I (AAI), the most abundant and representative compound in AAs, to treat transgenic gpt delta mice at six gradient doses ranging from 0.125 to 4 mg/kg/day for 28 days.

In vivo genotoxicity testing strategies: Report from the 7th International workshop on genotoxicity testing (IWGT).

The working group reached complete or majority agreement on many issues. Results from TGR and in vivo comet assays for 91 chemicals showed they have similar ability to detect in vivo genotoxicity per se with bacterial mutagens and Ames-positive carcinogens. TGR and comet assay results were not significantly different when compared with IARC Group 1, 2 A, and unclassified carcinogens.

Comprehensive framework between environment and genomic stability: the open symposium of the Japanese Environmental Mutagen Society (JEMS) in 2019.

The open symposium of the Japanese Environmental Mutagen Society (JEMS), under the title of "Comprehensive framework between environment and genomic stability," was held in the Main Conference Room of the Foundation for Promotion of Cancer Research, Tokyo, on June 8, 2019. To understand the relationship between genes and environmental mutagens, the symposium highlights the research activities in the fields of cancer, carcinogenesis and related diseases caused by genomic instabilities, including epigenetic and metabolomic alterations. The symposium was planned to help familiarize attendees with the current trends in research on genome safety.

Pig-a gene mutation database.

Mutations in the X-linked phosphatidylinositol glycan, class A gene (Pig-a) lead to loss of glycosylphosphatidylinositol (GPI) anchors and GPI-anchored proteins from the surface of erythrocytes and other mammalian cells. The Pig-a gene mutation assay quantifies in vivo gene mutation by immunofluorescent labeling and flow cytometry to detect the loss of GPI-anchored proteins on peripheral blood erythrocytes. As part of the regulatory acceptance of the assay, a public database has been created that provides detailed information on Pig-a gene mutation assays conducted in rats and mice.

Standard protocol for the total red blood cell assay used in the interlaboratory trial organized by the Mammalian Mutagenicity Study Group of the Japanese Environmental Mutagen Society.

The assay, a promising tool for evaluating in vivo genotoxicity, is based on flow cytometric enumeration of red blood cells (RBCs) that are deficient in glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchor protein. Various approaches for measuring mutant cells have been developed, particularly focusing on measuring mutants in peripheral RBCs and reticulocytes (RETs). The assay on concentrated RETs-the PIGRET assay-has the potential to detect genotoxicity in the early stages of a study.

Absence of mutagenicity of multi-walled carbon nanotubes single intratracheal instillation study using F344 delta rats.

Introduction: It is known that fibrous particles of micrometer length, such as carbon nanotubes, which have same dimensions as asbestos, are carcinogenic. Carcinogenicity of nanomaterials is strongly related to inflammatory reactions; however, the genotoxicity mechanism(s) is unclear. Indeed, inconsistent results on genotoxicity of multi-walled carbon nanotubes (MWCNTs) have been shown in several reports.

Evaluation of mutagenicity of acrylamide using RBC Pig-a and PIGRET assays by single peroral dose in rats.

The Pig-a gene mutation assay, a powerful tool for evaluating in vivo genotoxicity, is based on flow cytometric enumeration of red blood cells (RBCs), which are deficient in glycosylphosphatidylinositol anchored proteins caused by mutation(s) in the Pig-a gene. Various approaches for measuring cells with mutated Pig-a gene have been developed. The Pig-a assay targeting concentrated reticulocytes - the PIGRET assay - has the potential to detect genotoxicity in early stages of the study.

The PIGRET assay, a method for measuring Pig-a gene mutation in reticulocytes, is reliable as a short-term in vivo genotoxicity test: Summary of the MMS/JEMS-collaborative study across 16 laboratories using 24 chemicals.

The in vivo mutation assay using the X-linked phosphatidylinositol glycan class A gene (Pig-a in rodents, PIG-A in humans) is a promising tool for evaluating the mutagenicity of chemicals. Approaches for measuring Pig-a mutant cells have focused on peripheral red blood cells (RBCs) and reticulocytes (RETs) from rodents. The recently developed PIGRET assay is capable of screening >1×10 RETs for Pig-a mutants by concentrating RETs in whole blood prior to flow cytometric analysis.

Measuring reproducibility of dose response data for the Pig-a assay using covariate benchmark dose analysis.

The reproducibility of the in vivo Pig-a gene mutation test system was assessed across 13 different Japanese laboratories. In each laboratory rats were exposed to the same dosing regimen of N-nitroso-N-ethylurea (ENU), and red blood cells (RBCs) and reticulocytes (RETs) were collected for mutant phenotypic analysis using flow cytometry. Mutant frequency dose response data were analysed using the PROAST benchmark dose (BMD) statistical package.