Patterns of Social Support and LGBTQ + Community Involvement Among Gay, Bisexual, and Other Men Who Have Sex with Men in Australia and Their Effect on HIV-Related Outcomes: A Latent Class Analysis.

Peer support from social networks of gay, bisexual, and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM) has been recognised as a critical driver of engagement with HIV prevention. Using data from an online cross-sectional survey of 1,032 GBMSM aged 18 or over in Australia, a latent class analysis was conducted to categorise participants based on social support, LGBTQ + community involvement, and social engagement with gay men and LGBTQ + people. Comparisons between classes were assessed using multivariable multinomial logistic regression.

X-ray Nanoimaging of a Heterogeneous Structural Phase Transition in VO.

Controlling the Mott transition through strain engineering is crucial for advancing the development of memristive and neuromorphic computing devices. Yet, Mott insulators are heterogeneous due to intrinsic phase boundaries and extrinsic defects, posing significant challenges to fully understanding the impact of microscopic distortions on the local Mott transition. Here, using a synchrotron-based scanning X-ray nanoprobe, we studied the real-space structural heterogeneity during the structural phase transition in a VO thin film.

Remote Symptom Monitoring of Patients With Advanced Lung Cancer (The ProWide Study): A Randomized Controlled Trial.

Purpose: Remote symptom monitoring of patients with cancer has previously shown potential for improving clinical outcomes. This study aimed to evaluate the effects of remote symptom monitoring in patients with lung cancer after palliative induction treatment.

Methods: In a Danish multicenter randomized controlled trial, patients were randomly assigned 1:1 to remote symptom monitoring (intervention arm) added to standard of care versus standard of care (control arm).

Modulation of stress-related behaviour by preproglucagon neurons and hypothalamic projections to the nucleus of the solitary tract.

Stress-induced behaviours are driven by complex neural circuits and some neuronal populations concurrently modulate diverse behavioural and physiological responses to stress. Glucagon-like peptide-1 (GLP-1)-producing preproglucagon (PPG) neurons within the lower brainstem caudal nucleus of the solitary tract (cNTS) are particularly sensitive to stressful stimuli and are implicated in multiple physiological and behavioural responses to interoceptive and psychogenic threats. However, the afferent inputs driving stress-induced activation of PPG neurons are largely unknown, and the role of PPG neurons in anxiety-like behaviour is controversial.

Increasing event-driven HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis use among gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men in Australia: results from behavioural surveillance 2019-2023.

Introduction: HIV pre-exposure prophylaxis (PrEP) has been publicly available since 2018 in Australia as a daily regimen. In 2019, clinical guidelines were updated to support guidance on event-driven PrEP (ED-PrEP) use. We assessed trends in the PrEP dosing regimen by comparing daily PrEP use to ED-PrEP among cisgender gay, bisexual and other men who have sex with men (GBMSM).

Recruitment of a U.S. Nation-Wide Sample of Transgender and Gender Diverse Youth.

Purpose: Transgender and gender diverse youth (TGDY) can be a challenging population to reach because of limitations related to parental/guardian consent and concerns about privacy. This pilot study's purpose was to assess the feasibility of recruiting a US nation-wide longitudinal sample of TGDY through social media, and to compare participants who completed the Wave 1 survey only to TGDY who completed both Wave 1 and Wave 2 surveys.

Methods: Adolescents (aged 14-17 years) who identified as TGDY were recruited through social media and invited to complete two online surveys across a 3-month period.

Death-associated protein kinase 3 modulates migration and invasion of triple-negative breast cancer cells.

Sixteen patient-derived xenografts (PDXs) were analyzed using a mass spectrometry (MS)-based kinase inhibitor pull-down assay (KIPA), leading to the observation that death-associated protein kinase 3 (DAPK3) is significantly and specifically overexpressed in the triple-negative breast cancer (TNBC) models. Validation studies confirmed enrichment of DAPK3 protein, in both TNBC cell lines and tumors, independent of mRNA levels. Genomic knockout of in TNBC cell lines inhibited in vitro migration and invasion, along with down-regulation of an epithelial-mesenchymal transition (EMT) signature, which was confirmed in vivo.

Acceptability of Doxycycline Prophylaxis, Prior Antibiotic Use, and Knowledge of Antimicrobial Resistance Among Australian Gay and Bisexual Men and Nonbinary People.

Background: There is growing interest in novel sexually transmissible infection (STI) prevention strategies, including doxycycline postexposure prophylaxis (doxy-PEP). We assessed interest in doxy-PEP and other STI prevention strategies among gay and bisexual men and nonbinary people in Australia, as well as prior antibiotic use for STI prevention, and knowledge of antimicrobial resistance (AMR).

Methods: We conducted a national, online survey in June to July 2023.

Association of Serum Biomarkers With Neurocognitive Decline After PCI in Small Cell Lung Cancer: An Exploratory Study of the Phase III NCT01780675 Trial.

Introduction: Blood samples were collected to explore potential serum biomarkers associated with neurocognitive function in small-cell lung cancer (SCLC) patients who received prophylactic cranial irradiation (PCI).

Methods: This pre-specified study included patients with blood samples available, who participated in a phase III trial (NCT01780675). Blood samples were collected before PCI and 3-days post-initiating PCI.

Males miss and females forgo: Auditory masking from vessel noise impairs foraging efficiency and success in killer whales.

Understanding how the environment mediates an organism's ability to meet basic survival requirements is a fundamental goal of ecology. Vessel noise is a global threat to marine ecosystems and is increasing in intensity and spatiotemporal extent due to growth in shipping coupled with physical changes to ocean soundscapes from ocean warming and acidification. Odontocetes rely on biosonar to forage, yet determining the consequences of vessel noise on foraging has been limited by the challenges of observing underwater foraging outcomes and measuring noise levels received by individuals.

Applying Iterative Student Feedback across Flipped Classroom and Flexible Teaching Approaches: Impact on Veterinary Students' Learning Experience.

No single teaching strategy supports all learning styles in veterinary science students. To facilitate more convenient and flexible teaching, learning, and revision, an innovative online digital learning platform-VetCloud-was developed to provide access to modularized programme content across courses to promote active, integrated learning. This study aimed to understand student perceptions regarding the enhancement of the student learning experience in a foundational course in gastrointestinal anatomy and physiology at The University of Queensland across two learning cycles, via applying iterative student feedback in transitioning a flipped classroom approach using VetCloud for the delivery of lecture content in 2022 to a flexible learning approach in 2023.

A neuronal circuit driven by GLP-1 in the olfactory bulb regulates insulin secretion.

Glucagon-like peptide 1 (GLP-1) stimulates insulin secretion and holds significant pharmacological potential. Nevertheless, the regulation of energy homeostasis by centrally-produced GLP-1 remains partially understood. Preproglucagon cells, known to release GLP-1, are found in the olfactory bulb (OB).

The 100 highest-cited original articles in large vessel occlusions: A bibliometric analysis.

Background: Large vessel occlusions (LVO) are a common etiology of morbidity and mortality. The current literature lacks a synthesis of the landscape and trends in research.

Objective: We aimed to conduct a bibliometric analysis of the 100 most cited original articles on LVOs to assess the current state of research.

Optical and electronic functionality arising from controlled defect formation in nanoscale complex oxide lateral epitaxy.

Epitaxial crystallization of complex oxides provides the means to create materials with precisely selected composition, strain, and orientation, thereby controlling their functionalities. Extending this control to nanoscale three-dimensional geometries can be accomplished via a three-dimensional analog of oxide solid-phase epitaxy, lateral epitaxial crystallization. The orientation of crystals within laterally crystallized SrTiO systematically changes from the orientation of the SrTiO substrate.

The astrocyte α1A-adrenoreceptor is a key component of the neuromodulatory system in mouse visual cortex.

Noradrenaline (norepinephrine) is known to modulate many physiological functions and behaviors. In this study, we tested to what extent astrocytes, a type of glial cell, participate in noradrenergic signaling in mouse primary visual cortex (V1). Astrocytes are essential partners of neurons in the central nervous system.

The association between body mass index, exercise capacity, and health-related quality of life in heart transplant recipients.

Introduction: Pre-transplant obesity and weight gain after heart transplantation are both associated with increased risk of poor clinical outcomes. We aimed to assess the association between overweight or obesity, exercise capacity, and health-related quality of life in heart transplant recipients.

Methods: This study is based on baseline data from the IronIC trial, in which we randomized 102 heart transplant recipients with iron deficiency to ferric derisomaltose or placebo.

Cl alloying improves thermal stability and increases luminescence in iodine-rich inorganic perovskites.

The inorganic perovskite CsPbI shows promising photophysical properties for a range of potential optoelectronic applications but is metastable at room temperature. To address this, Br can be alloyed into the X-site to create compositions such as CsPbIBr that are stable at room temperature but have bandgaps >1.9 eV - severely limiting solar applications.

Traumatic brain injury promotes neurogenesis at the cost of astrogliogenesis in the adult hippocampus of male mice.

Traumatic brain injury (TBI) can result in long-lasting changes in hippocampal function. The changes induced by TBI on the hippocampus contribute to cognitive deficits. The adult hippocampus harbors neural stem cells (NSCs) that generate neurons (neurogenesis), and astrocytes (astrogliogenesis).

Regulatory T cells as a possible new target in epilepsy?

Epilepsy is a complex chronic brain disorder with diverse clinical features that can be caused by various triggering events, such as infections, head trauma, or stroke. During epileptogenesis, various abnormalities are observed, such as altered cellular homeostasis, imbalance of neurotransmitters, tissue changes, and the release of inflammatory mediators, which in combination lead to spontaneous recurrent seizures. Regulatory T cells (Tregs), a subtype of CD4Foxp3 T cells, best known for their key function in immune suppression, also seem to play a role in attenuating neurodegeneration and suppressing pathological inflammation in several brain disease states.

Spontaneous Supercrystal Formation During a Strain-Engineered Metal-Insulator Transition.

Mott metal-insulator transitions possess electronic, magnetic, and structural degrees of freedom promising next-generation energy-efficient electronics. A previously unknown, hierarchically ordered, and anisotropic supercrystal state is reported and its intrinsic formation characterized in-situ during a Mott transition in a CaRuO thin film. Machine learning-assisted X-ray nanodiffraction together with cryogenic electron microscopy reveal multi-scale periodic domain formation at and below the film transition temperature (T ≈ 200-250 K) and a separate anisotropic spatial structure at and above T.

Do we really apply evidence-based-recommendations to spine surgery? Results of an international survey.

Objective: This international survey investigated Evidence-Based Medicine (EBM) in spine surgery by measuring its acceptance among spine surgeons. It assessed their understanding of EBM and how they apply it in practice by analyzing responses to various clinical scenarios..

Dissecting and Visualizing the Functional Diversity of Cardiac Macrophages.

Cardiac macrophages represent a functionally diverse population of cells involved in cardiac homeostasis, repair, and remodeling. With recent advancements in single-cell technologies, it is possible to elucidate specific macrophage subsets based on transcriptional signatures and cell surface protein expression to gain a deep understanding of macrophage diversity in the heart. The use of fate-mapping technologies and parabiosis studies have provided insight into the ontogeny and dynamics of macrophages identifying subsets derived from embryonic and adult definitive hematopoietic progenitors that include tissue-resident and bone marrow monocyte-derived macrophages, respectively.