Giant KASH proteins and ribosomes synergistically establish cytoplasmic biophysical properties .

Unlabelled: Understanding how cells control their biophysical properties during development remains a fundamental challenge. While cytoplasmic macromolecular crowding affects multiple cellular processes in single cells, its regulation in living animals remains poorly understood. Using genetically encoded multimeric nanoparticles for rheology, we discovered that tissues maintain distinct cytoplasmic biophysical properties that differ from those observed across diverse systems, including bacteria, yeast species, and cultured mammalian cells.

The person-based approach to intervention development: A scoping review of methods and applications.

Background: The person-based approach (PBA) has emerged as a prominent methodology guiding the development of digital and hybrid health behaviour change interventions over the last decade, and there is a salient need to understand its utilization.

Objective: This study aims to describe which elements of the PBA have been utilised in intervention development research, for which populations, and how this has been reported.

Methods: A search for intervention development papers published between 2015 and 2023 using forward citation searches was undertaken in Scopus, using two seed articles.

Barriers and facilitators to implementing comprehensive sex education in Texas public schools: A qualitative study.

Introduction: In Texas, the adolescent birth rate is higher than the national average and STIs have steadily increased over the last decade. Sex education is not mandated in Texas and the majority of public schools provide an abstinence-based sex education. Comprehensive sexuality education (CSE) programs are widely endorsed by national and global health organizations and research has shown that they are more effective in reducing poor sexual health outcomes than abstinence-based programs.

E-cigarette Quit Attempts in Emerging Adults: Motivations for Attempts and Predictors of Cessation Barriers.

Introduction: Although young adults use electronic nicotine delivery systems (ENDS) more often than any other demographic group, most are interested in cessation; however, little is known about their cessation experiences. The present study examined characteristics associated with quit attempts, reasons for quitting and resources utilized, and psychological symptoms [i.e.

Need Frustration and E-Cigarette Use and Dependence Among College Students: The Mediating Role of Ruminative Thinking.

: The prevalence and dependence of e-cigarettes have increased among young adult college students in recent years. Though several independent risk factors for e-cigarette use and dependence have been identified, research employing theory-informed models to predict e-cigarette use and dependence is limited. : Using Self Determination Theory (SDT), e-cigarette use and dependence may be understood as stemming from need frustration that impairs autonomy, competence, and relatedness, which increases vulnerability for negative health outcomes, including e-cigarette use.

Listening with one hemisphere: A review of auditory processing among individuals after hemispheric surgery.

The human auditory system consists of both peripheral and central components, both of which play a role but contribute distinctly to overall auditory functioning and can be differentially impacted by pathophysiologic states. Hemispheric surgery (HS), a procedure used for the treatment of drug-resistant epilepsy, involves complete disconnection of the auditory cortex in the operative hemisphere, leaving hearing acuity (peripheral function) intact but having heavy implications for auditory processing (central function). The literature describing pre- and post-operative auditory processing abilities of individuals who have undergone HS is sparse, but the research available provides evidence that several central auditory processes including auditory spatial analysis and temporal processing may be impacted.

Systematic changes in neural selectivity reflect the acquired salience of category-diagnostic dimensions.

Humans and other animals develop remarkable behavioral specializations for identifying, differentiating, and acting on classes of ecologically important signals. Ultimately, this expertise is flexible enough to support diverse perceptual judgments: a voice, for example, simultaneously conveys what a talker says as well as myriad cues about her identity and state. Mature perception across complex signals thus involves both discovering and learning regularities that best inform diverse perceptual judgments, and weighting this information flexibly as task demands change.

From small to tall: breed-varied household pet dogs can be trained to detect Parkinson's Disease.

Parkinson's Disease (PD) is a clinically diagnosed disease that carries a reported misdiagnosis rate of 10-20%. Recent scientific discoveries have provided evidence of volatile organic compounds in sebum that are unique to patients with PD. The primary objective of this study was to determine if companion dogs could be trained to distinguish between sebum samples provided by PD-positive patients and PD-negative human controls.

Grb7, Grb10 and Grb14, encoding the growth factor receptor-bound 7 family of signalling adaptor proteins have overlapping functions in the regulation of fetal growth and post-natal glucose metabolism.

Background: The growth factor receptor bound protein 7 (Grb7) family of signalling adaptor proteins comprises Grb7, Grb10 and Grb14. Each can interact with the insulin receptor and other receptor tyrosine kinases, where Grb10 and Grb14 inhibit insulin receptor activity. In cell culture studies they mediate functions including cell survival, proliferation, and migration.

Harnessing Hope in Digital Spaces for Health Equity: How Group Comparison Information and Supportive Comments Influence Bone Marrow Donor Intentions for African Americans.

Pursuing health equity necessitates recognizing health disparities that disproportionately impact disadvantaged groups and eliminating their barriers to essential health resources. Interactive digital technologies-specifically, popular social media platforms such as blogs and social networks-can be leveraged to engage underserved minority populations in collective social action aimed at addressing key determinants of health disparities and promoting equitable health outcomes. The present research focuses on the plight of African Americans-a minority group facing significant health disparities.

Distributional learning drives statistical suppression and deafening.

Unlabelled: Humans and other animals use information about how likely it is for something to happen. The absolute and relative probability of an event influences a remarkable breadth of behaviors, from foraging for food to comprehending linguistic constructions -- even when these probabilities are learned implicitly. It is less clear how, and under what circumstances, statistical learning of simple probabilities might drive changes in perception and cognition.

Differences in alcohol-related variables between individuals who engage in food and alcohol disturbance (FAD) behaviors and those who only use alcohol: The role of FAD motives.

Objective: Food and alcohol disturbance (FAD) is the use of any compensatory behavior (e.g., skipping meals) within the context of a drinking episode.

Engagement in rapid public health research among young people from underserved communities: maximising opportunities and overcoming barriers.

Background: Inclusion in public health research of young people from low-income households and those from minority ethnic groups remains low. It is recognised that there is a need to change the way in which research is conducted so that it becomes more inclusive. The aim of this work was to identify novel and innovative ways to maximise recruitment and inclusion of diverse participants when doing co-production within very short time frames for emergency responses.

Decreasing Postsurgical Length of Stay in the Postanesthesia Care Unit for Obstructive Sleep Apnea and Obese Patients Using Exspiron Minute Ventilation Monitoring.

Purpose: In the postanesthesia care unit (PACU), it is imperative to monitor respiration and ventilation, especially in patients diagnosed with or at risk for obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Research studies have been published to highlight the importance of minute ventilation monitoring (MVM) as an early warning system of impending respiratory compromise, warranting studies to assess timely safe discharge in this high-risk population at UC San Diego Health.

Design: This quantitative study was conducted using a two-group comparative design method.

Barriers and Facilitators Along the PrEP Continuum of Care Among Latinx Sexual Minoritized Men and Transgender Women: A Systematic Review.

Latinx cisgender sexually minoritized men (SMM) and transgender women (TW) in the U.S. are disproportionately affected by HIV.

Polysome collapse and RNA condensation fluidize the cytoplasm.

The cell interior is packed with macromolecules of mesoscale size, and this crowded milieu significantly influences cellular physiology. Cellular stress responses almost universally lead to inhibition of translation, resulting in polysome collapse and release of mRNA. The released mRNA molecules condense with RNA-binding proteins to form ribonucleoprotein (RNP) condensates known as processing bodies and stress granules.

Cell-Type-Specific Regulation of Cocaine Reward by the E2F3a Transcription Factor in Nucleus Accumbens.

The development of drug addiction is characterized by molecular changes in brain reward regions that lead to the transition from recreational to compulsive drug use. These neurobiological processes in brain reward regions, such as the nucleus accumbens (NAc), are orchestrated in large part by transcriptional regulation. Our group recently identified the transcription factor E2F3a as a novel regulator of cocaine's rewarding effects and gene expression regulation in the NAc of male mice.

Development and Characterization of 50 nanometer diameter Genetically Encoded Multimeric Nanoparticles.

The mechanisms that regulate the physical properties of the cell interior remain poorly understood, especially at the mesoscale (10nm-100nm). Changes in these properties have been suggested to be crucial for both normal physiology and disease. Many crucial macromolecules and molecular assemblies such as ribosomes, RNA polymerase, and biomolecular condensates span the mesoscale size range.

A one-man bilingual cocktail party: linguistic and non-linguistic effects on bilinguals' speech recognition in Mandarin and English.

Multilingual speakers can find speech recognition in everyday environments like restaurants and open-plan offices particularly challenging. In a world where speaking multiple languages is increasingly common, effective clinical and educational interventions will require a better understanding of how factors like multilingual contexts and listeners' language proficiency interact with adverse listening environments. For example, word and phrase recognition is facilitated when competing voices speak different languages.

A hierarchy of processing complexity and timescales for natural sounds in human auditory cortex.

Efficient behavior is supported by humans' ability to rapidly recognize acoustically distinct sounds as members of a common category. Within auditory cortex, there are critical unanswered questions regarding the organization and dynamics of sound categorization. Here, we performed intracerebral recordings in the context of epilepsy surgery as 20 patient-participants listened to natural sounds.

Digital tools in cardiac reperfusion pathways: A systematic review.

With health and surgery increasingly aided by digital technologies, there exists a growing impetus to understand how such tools must integrate into existing clinical pathways to ensure a positive impact on patient and organisational outcomes. Consequently, this study sought to collate evidence on the use of digital technology in cardiac reperfusion surgeries. We systematically searched three scientific databases for relevant articles.