Osteoarthritis of the temporomandibular joint and increase of the horizontal condylar angle: a longitudinal study.

Objective: Our previous study of patients with unilateral temporomandibular joint (TMJ) osteoarthritis (OA) showed that the affected joints had greater horizontal condylar angle (HCA) compared with the contralateral unaffected joints. However, it was unclear whether the HCA changes preceded or were the result of OA changes. The aim of this longitudinal study was to investigate the relationship between HCA and OA progression.

The Incidence of Second Mesiobuccal Canals Located in Maxillary Molars with the Aid of Cone-beam Computed Tomography.

Introduction: Many endodontic treatment failures in maxillary molars result from missed second mesiobuccal (MB2) canals. An MB2 canal orifice is present in as many as 95% of maxillary molars, but these canals are not always located during endodontic procedures. Additional tools, such as cone-beam computed tomographic (CBCT) imaging, may be needed to locate these canals in maxillary molars.

Greater mandibular horizontal condylar angle is associated with temporomandibular joint osteoarthritis.

Background: Research using magnetic resonance imaging analysis has shown that internal temporomandibular joint derangement is associated with significantly greater horizontal condylar angle. However, the association between osteoarthritic (OA) bony changes as shown on computed tomography and horizontal condylar angle has never been evaluated.

Objective: To investigate the relationship between mandibular condylar angle and OA degenerative changes.

Satisfaction and Clinical Outcomes Among Patients with Immediately Loaded Mandibular Overdentures Supported by One or Two Dental Implants: Results of a 5-Year Prospective Randomized Clinical Trial.

Purpose: The purpose of this study was to evaluate patient satisfaction and clinical outcomes among subjects with mandibular overdentures supported by one or two immediately placed dental implants 5 years after loading.

Materials And Methods: Thirty-six subjects (16 men and 20 women) received one or two dental implants in the anterior mandible, and all implants were loaded the day of surgery. Subjects were scheduled for follow-up 3-, 6-, and 12 months after implant placement and thereafter annually for 4 more years.

Longitudinal Stability of Common TMJ Structural Disorders.

The longitudinal course of temporomandibular joint (TMJ) disc displacement (DD) and degenerative joint disease (DJD) has never been conclusively described with magnetic resonance imaging and computed tomography, respectively. This 8-y observational study's objective was to assess the longitudinal stability of DD and DJD among 401 subjects. The Validation Project provided baseline measures; follow-up was performed in the TMJ Impact Project.

Association between the Presence of Apical Periodontitis and Clinical Symptoms in Endodontic Patients Using Cone-beam Computed Tomography and Periapical Radiographs.

Introduction: Cone-beam computed tomographic (CBCT) imaging is a valuable adjunct to endodontic practice. Among the endodontic applications of CBCT imaging, it aids in the diagnosis of apical periodontitis, often in cases in which there is no evidence of pathosis identified by conventional imaging. The purpose of this study was to correlate the presence of apical periodontitis of teeth evaluated with 2-dimensional periapical (PA) radiographs and 3-dimensional CBCT volumes with clinical signs and symptoms.

Mandibular inferior cortical bone thickness on panoramic radiographs in patients using bisphosphonates.

Objective: The goal of this study was to detect dimensional changes in the mandibular cortical bone associated with bisphosphonate (BP) use and to correlate measurements of the cortical bone with the cumulative dose of BPs.

Study Design: Mandibular inferior cortical bone thickness (MICBT) was measured under the mental foramen on panoramic radiographs of patients with and without bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaws (BRONJ) taking BPs and controls.

Results: Patients with BRONJ had the highest mean MICBT (6.

Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (DC/TMD) for Clinical and Research Applications: recommendations of the International RDC/TMD Consortium Network* and Orofacial Pain Special Interest Group†.

Aims: The original Research Diagnostic Criteria for Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/TMD) Axis I diagnostic algorithms have been demonstrated to be reliable. However, the Validation Project determined that the RDC/TMD Axis I validity was below the target sensitivity of ≥ 0.70 and specificity of ≥ 0.

A prospective randomized study on the immediate loading of mandibular overdentures supported by one or two implants; a 3 year follow-up report.

Aim: The objective of the study was to evaluate and compare treatments with mandibular overdentures supported by one or two immediately placed implants 3 years after loading.

Materials And Methods: Thirty-six edentulous subjects were eligible for inclusion. Using a random sampling system, one or two implants were placed in the mandible.

Mandibular cortical bone evaluation on cone beam computed tomography images of patients with bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw.

Objectives: The objective of this study was to develop a technique for detecting cortical bone dimensional changes in patients with bisphosphonate-related osteonecrosis of the jaw (BRONJ).

Study Design: Subjects with BRONJ who had cone-beam computed tomography imaging were selected, with age- and gender-matched controls. Mandibular cortical bone measurements to detect bisphosphonate-related cortical bone changes were made inferior to mental foramen, in 3 different ways: within a fixed sized rectangle, in a rectangle varying with the cortical height, and a ratio between area and height.

Web-based calibration of observers using MRI of the temporomandibular joint.

Objectives: Research diagnostic criteria for temporomandibular disorders (RDC/TMDs) were proposed in 1992 with the aim of standardizing and testing methods for diagnosing TMDs. RDC/TMDs have so far been lacking standardized methods for imaging and criteria for imaging diagnosis of disorders of the temporomandibular joint (TMJ). Criteria for disorders of the TMJ have recently been proposed for MRI.

Fractal dimension evaluation of cone beam computed tomography in patients with bisphosphonate-associated osteonecrosis.

Objectives: The aim of this study was to (1) evaluate the fractal dimension (FD) in regions of the mandible on cone beam CT (CBCT) images of patients with bisphosphonate-associated osteonecrosis of the jaws (BP-ONJ) and (2) to select the most suitable region of interest (ROI) for further study on detection of bone alterations associated with bisphosphonates.

Methods: CBCT images of patients with BP-ONJ were included with matched controls. Values of FD were compared between groups.

Evaluating craniofacial asymmetry with digital cephalometric images and cone-beam computed tomography.

Introduction: The aim of this study was to evaluate craniofacial asymmetry by using 2-dimensional (2D) posteroanterior cephalometric images, 3-dimensional cone-beam computed tomography (CBCT), and physical measurements (gold standard).

Methods: Ten dry human skulls were assessed, and radiopaque markers were placed on 17 skeletal landmarks. Twenty linear measurements were taken on each side to compare the right and left sides and to compare these measurements with the physical measurements made with a digital caliper.

The vascular repair process after injury of the carotid artery is regulated by IL-1RI and MyD88 signalling.

Aim: The aim of this study was to determine whether innate immune signalling influences the vascular repair process in response to mechanical injury of arteries in mice.

Methods And Results: A non-obstructive collar was introduced around the carotid artery of MyD88-deficient mice, and neointima formation was compared with that observed in MyD88-competent mice. MyD88-deficient mice are characterized by impaired signal transduction from interleukin (IL)-1/IL-18 receptors and most Toll-like receptors (TLRs).

How do neurons work together? Lessons from auditory cortex.

Recordings of single neurons have yielded great insights into the way acoustic stimuli are represented in auditory cortex. However, any one neuron functions as part of a population whose combined activity underlies cortical information processing. Here we review some results obtained by recording simultaneously from auditory cortical populations and individual morphologically identified neurons, in urethane-anesthetized and unanesthetized passively listening rats.

A prospective randomized study on the immediate loading of mandibular overdentures supported by one or two implants: a 12-month follow-up report.

Purpose: The purpose of the present study was to evaluate and compare treatment with mandibular overdentures supported by one or two implants placed and loaded immediately.

Materials And Methods: Edentulous subjects with maxillary and mandibular complete dentures were recruited to participate in the study. All subjects received new maxillary and mandibular complete dentures, after which they were scheduled for implant surgery.

The asynchronous state in cortical circuits.

Correlated spiking is often observed in cortical circuits, but its functional role is controversial. It is believed that correlations are a consequence of shared inputs between nearby neurons and could severely constrain information decoding. Here we show theoretically that recurrent neural networks can generate an asynchronous state characterized by arbitrarily low mean spiking correlations despite substantial amounts of shared input.

Research diagnostic criteria for temporomandibular disorders (RDC/TMD): development of image analysis criteria and examiner reliability for image analysis.

Objective: As part of the Multisite Research Diagnostic Criteria For Temporomandibular Disorders (RDC/TMD) Validation Project, comprehensive temporomandibular joint diagnostic criteria were developed for image analysis using panoramic radiography, magnetic resonance imaging (MRI), and computerized tomography (CT).

Study Design: Interexaminer reliability was estimated using the kappa (kappa) statistic, and agreement between rater pairs was characterized by overall, positive, and negative percent agreement. Computerized tomography was the reference standard for assessing validity of other imaging modalities for detecting osteoarthritis (OA).

Fractal dimension analysis of periapical reactive bone in response to root canal treatment.

Objective: Mathematical morphology and box counting were used to extract trabecular pattern and to evaluate changes of reactive bone following root canal treatment.

Study Design: Periapical radiographs were digitized and processed with mathematical morphology operations known as skeletonization. The trabecular patterns resulting from this skeletonization process were further analyzed with fractal dimension (FD) analysis using the box-counting method.

Head-and-neck organ doses from an episode of orthodontic care.

Introduction: The high prevalence of orthodontic treatment in young people makes the associated radiation to the head and neck of potential public-health significance. In this study, we estimated secular changes (1963-2003) in age-specific organ doses associated with orthodontic care and collective organ doses in the United States in 1999.

Methods: A survey of radiographic records at 1 university clinic was combined with published estimates to provide organ-specific radiation doses.

High-resolution in vivo imaging of the neurovascular unit during spreading depression.

Spreading depression (SD) is a propagating wave of neuronal depolarization and ionic shifts, seen in stroke and migraine. In vitro, SD is associated with astrocytic [Ca2+] waves, but it is unclear what role they play and whether they influence cerebral blood flow, which is altered in SD. Here we show that SD in vivo is associated with [Ca2+] waves in astrocytes and neurons and with constriction of intracortical arterioles severe enough to result in arrest of capillary perfusion.

Trabecular and cortical bone as risk factors for orthodontic relapse.

Introduction: Dental relapse of the mandibular incisors after orthodontic treatment is a common problem, and few risk factors have been identified. The purpose of this case-control study was to evaluate whether the amount or the structure of mandibular bone affects the potential for postorthodontic mandibular incisor relapse.

Methods: The subject sample was selected from the postretention database at the University of Washington.