Hypoxia impairs decitabine-induced expression of HLA-DR in acute myeloid leukaemia cell lines.

Background: Hypomethylating agents (HMA), such as azacytidine (AZA) and decitabine (DAC), are epigenetic therapies used to treat some patients with acute myeloid leukaemia (AML) and myelodysplastic syndrome. HMAs act in a replication-dependent manner to remove DNA methylation from the genome. However, AML cells targeted by HMA therapy are often quiescent within the bone marrow, where oxygen levels are low.

Detection of epileptogenic zones in people with epilepsy using optimized EEG-fMRI.

Purpose: Concurrent electroencephalography (EEG) and functional magnetic resonance imaging (fMRI) have been used to assist in the presurgical localization of seizure foci in people with epilepsy. Our study aimed to examine the clinical feasibility of an optimized concurrent EEG-fMRI protocol.

Methods: The optimized protocol employed a fast-fMRI sequence (sampling rate = 10 Hz) with a spare arrangement, which allowed a time window of 1.

Function Preserving Gastrectomy and Quality of Life.

Advances in gastric cancer screening have enabled earlier detection, shifting the focus of treatment toward preserving patients' quality of life (QoL). Function-preserving gastrectomy (FPG), including pylorus-preserving gastrectomy, proximal gastrectomy, and sentinel node navigation surgery, represents a paradigm shift in the surgical management of early gastric cancer. These techniques aim to balance oncological safety with the preservation of gastric function, mitigating postgastrectomy syndromes such as dumping syndrome, bile reflux, and nutritional deficiencies.

Merged Red and NIR Light Sources for Photobiomodulation Therapy in Diabetic Wound Healing.

Photobiomodulation (PBM) is considered an effective and safe therapeutic modality in supporting the treatment of complications from a global pandemic-diabetes. In this study, PBM therapy is investigated to accelerate wound healing in diabetic mice (DM), under the combined biological effects of red light from a red organic light-emitting diode (ROLED) and near-infrared (NIR) light from an NIR conversion film (NCF) with dispersed CuInS/ZnS quantum dots (QDs). The QD concentration and the NCF structure were optimized to maximize the optical properties and mechanical stability.

Aneurysm at the Trunk of the Medial-Type Persistent Trigeminal Artery Associated with Facial Pain : A Rare Case Report.

Persistent trigeminal artery (PTA) is the most common residual manifestation of persistent carotid-vertebrobasilar anastomosis, with the medial-type (intrasellar or sphenoidal) PTA being exceptionally rare. Aneurysms originating from the PTA trunk are not common. We present a unique case of an aneurysm located at the trunk of the medial-type PTA in a patient presenting with trigeminal neuralgia who successfully received endovascular treatment.

Modeling of Composition and Channel Length-Dependent Transient Characteristics in Short-Channel IGZO Field-Effect Transistors.

In this study, we analyze the characteristics of fast transient drain current () in IGZO-based field-effect transistors (FETs) with different composition ratios (device O: ratio of 1:1:1 for In, Ga, Zn, device G: ratio of 0.307:0.39:0.

Comparison of tissue-based and plasma-based testing for EGFR mutation in non-small cell lung cancer patients.

Background: Epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) gene mutation testing is crucial for the administration of tyrosine kinase inhibitors to treat non-small cell lung cancer. In addition to traditional tissue-based tests, liquid biopsies using plasma are increasingly utilized, particularly for detecting T790M mutations. This study compared tissue- and plasma-based EGFR testing methods.

Breast fine-needle aspiration cytology in the era of core-needle biopsy: what is its role?

Fine-needle aspiration cytology (FNAC) has long been recognized as a minimally invasive, cost-effective, and reliable diagnostic tool for breast lesions. However, with the advent of core-needle biopsy (CNB), the role of FNAC has diminished in some clinical settings. This review aims to re-evaluate the diagnostic value of FNAC in the current era, focusing on its complementary use alongside CNB, the adoption of new approaches such as the International Academy of Cytology Yokohama System, and the implementation of rapid on-site evaluation to reduce inadequate sample rates.

First-line pembrolizumab-axitinib versus sunitinib in metastatic RCC: subgroup analysis of patients enrolled in the phase 3 KEYNOTE-426 in Eastern Asia.

Background: The phase 3 open-label KEYNOTE-426 study demonstrated that first-line pembrolizumab plus axitinib improved overall survival (OS) and progression-free survival (PFS) versus sunitinib for metastatic renal cell carcinoma (mRCC) in a global population. This subgroup analysis investigated the efficacy and safety of pembrolizumab-axitinib versus sunitinib in patients enrolled in KEYNOTE-426 in East Asia (Japan, South Korea, and Taiwan).

Methods: Adults with clear cell mRCC were randomly assigned 1:1 to receive intravenous pembrolizumab 200 mg every 3 weeks with oral axitinib 5 mg twice daily or oral sunitinib 50 mg once daily (4 weeks on/2 weeks off).

Optimal chemokine receptors for enhancing immune cell trafficking in adoptive cell therapy.

Recently, a strategy involving the engineering of chemokine receptors on immune cells was developed to optimize adoptive cell therapy (ACT) for solid tumors. Given the variability in chemokine secretion among different tumor types, identifying and modulating the appropriate chemokine receptors is crucial. In this study, we utilized extensive RNA sequencing data from both tumor tissues from The Cancer Genome Atlas and normal tissues from Genotype-Tissue Expression to investigate the expression profiles of chemokines.

Post-transplant cyclophosphamide plus anti-thymocyte globulin decreased serum IL-6 levels when compared with post-transplant cyclophosphamide alone after haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation.

Background: Post-transplantation cyclophosphamide (PTCy) and anti-thymocyte globulin (ATG) are common prophylactic strategies for graft-versus-host disease (GVHD) after haploidentical hematopoietic stem cell transplantation (haplo-HSCT). Interleukin (IL)-6 is a surrogate marker for cytokine release syndrome (CRS) and acute GVHD.

Method: The clinical outcomes and complications of haplo-HSCT with PTCy plus ATG versus PTCy monotherapy were compared according to serum IL-6 levels at Chungnam National University Hospital (Daejeon, South Korea) from January 2019 to February 2023.

Molecular basis of neurosteroid and anticonvulsant regulation of TRPM3.

Transient receptor potential channel subfamily M member 3 (TRPM3) is a Ca-permeable cation channel activated by the neurosteroid pregnenolone sulfate (PregS) or heat, serving as a nociceptor in the peripheral sensory system. Recent discoveries of autosomal dominant neurodevelopmental disorders caused by gain-of-function mutations in TRPM3 highlight its role in the central nervous system. Notably, the TRPM3 inhibitor primidone, an anticonvulsant, has proven effective in treating patients with TRPM3-linked neurological disorders and in mouse models of thermal nociception.

Controlling tumor progression and recurrence in mice through combined treatment with a PD-L1 inhibitor and a designer strain that delivers GM-CSF.

Combination therapy with checkpoint inhibitors blocks inhibitory immune cell signaling and improves clinical responses to anticancer treatments. However, continued development of innovative and controllable delivery systems for immune-stimulating agents is necessary to optimize clinical responses. Herein, we engineered to deliver recombinant granulocyte macrophage colony stimulating factor (GM-CSF) in a controllable manner for combination treatment with a programmed death-ligand 1 (PD-L1) inhibitor.

Predictive and prognostic value of F-FES PET/CT for patients with recurrent or metastatic breast cancer treated with endocrine therapy plus cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 inhibitors.

Purpose: Estrogen receptor (ER) expression and heterogeneity affect endocrine therapy efficacy. F-fluoroestradiol (F-FES) PET/CT is an effective non-invasive method to analyze systemic ER expression. This study aimed to examine the predictive/prognostic value of F-FES PET/CT for patients treated with endocrine therapy plus cyclin-dependent kinase 4/6 (CDK4/6) inhibitors.

National validation of laparoscopic approach for locally advanced gastric cancer: Comparison of a randomized controlled trial and real-world practice results.

Objective: The laparoscopic approach for locally advanced gastric cancer has recently been adopted based on the results of several randomized controlled trials (RCTs). However, findings from RCTs have not been examined at the national level. This study aimed to investigate the external validity of the Korean Laparoscopic Gastrointestinal Surgery Study-02 (KLASS-02) trial involving 13 tertiary hospitals, using data from the Korean Gastric Cancer Association (KGCA)-led nationwide survey involving 68 tertiary or general hospitals.

A three-dimensional mouse liver organoid platform for assessing EDCs metabolites simulating liver metabolism.

Hepatic metabolism is an important process for evaluate the potential activity and toxicity of endocrine disrupting chemicals (EDCs) metabolites. Organization for Economic Co-operation and Development (OECD) has advocated the development of in vitro assays that mimic in vivo hepatic metabolism to eventually replace classical animal tests. In response to this need, we established a 3D mouse liver organoid (mLO) platform that mimics the animal model and is distinct from existing models.

Characteristics of successful expansion of tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes from colorectal cancer liver metastasis.

Adoptive cell therapy (ACT) utilizing tumor-infiltrating lymphocytes (TILs) has emerged as a successful treatment modality for various malignancies. However, TILs cultured from colorectal cancer (CRC) liver metastasis remain underexplored. Fifteen CRC liver metastasis tissues underwent initial expansion (IE) of TILs and rapid expansion (REP).

Dietary exposure assessment of 9 food emulsifiers to Korean population and their health effects.

In this study, dietary exposures to 9 food emulsifiers, including 4 polysorbates and 5 esters of fatty acids, were assessed in Korean population. For the exposure assessment, three scenarios of the consumption, including mean and P95 in whole population and mean in consumed population, were applied. As a result, the EDIs of 9 emulsifiers were overall low compared to the ADIs.

Current understanding of the etiology, diagnosis, treatment, and management of peri-implant diseases: a narrative review for the consensus report of the Korean Academy of Periodontology.

Over the past few decades, dental implants have been successfully utilized to replace teeth lost due to periodontal disease and other conditions. However, similar to natural teeth, dental implants are vulnerable to inflammatory peri-implant diseases, which can compromise their long-term viability. This review aims to summarize the current understanding of peri-implant diseases and discuss effective strategies for their diagnosis, treatment, and long-term management.

Brain MRI Detection of an Abnormal Peak Width of Skeletonized Mean Diffusivity in REM Sleep Behavior Disorder.

Background And Purpose: Peak width of skeletonized mean diffusivity (PSMD) is a novel marker of white matter damage, which may be related to small vessel disease. This study aimed to investigate the presence of white matter damage in patients with isolated rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD) using PSMD.

Methods: We enrolled patients with newly diagnosed isolated RBD confirmed by polysomnography and age- and sex-matched healthy controls.

The CLCA1/TMEM16A/Cl- current axis associates with H2S deficiency in diabetic kidney injury.

The role played by anionic channels in diabetic kidney disease (DKD) is not known. Chloride channel accessory 1 (CLCA1) facilitates the activity of TMEM16A (Anoctamin-1), a Ca2+-dependent Cl- channel. We examined if CLCA1/TMEM16A had a role in DKD.

Elevated Serum IL-6 as a Negative Prognostic Biomarker in Glioblastoma: Integrating Bioinformatics and Clinical Validation.

Glioblastoma multiforme (GBM) is the most lethal type of primary brain tumor, necessitating the discovery of reliable serum prognostic biomarkers. This study aimed to investigate the prognostic value of serum Interleukin-6 (IL-6) in GBM patients. Bioinformatics analysis via gene set enrichment analysis was conducted on The Cancer Genome Atlas RNA-seq data to explore the pathways enriched in samples with high expression.

Sialoadhesin-dependent susceptibility and replication of porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome viruses in CD163-expressing cells.

Understanding the molecular interactions between porcine reproductive and respiratory syndrome viruses (PRRSVs) and host cells is crucial for developing effective strategies against PRRSV. CD163, predominantly expressed in porcine macrophages and monocytes, is a key receptor for PRRSV infection. CD169, also known as Sialoadhesin, has emerged as a potential receptor facilitating PRRSV internalization.

Optimizing injection accuracy for Baxter's nerve entrapment: an ultrasonography-guided approach based on anatomical surface landmarks.

Introduction: The clinical feasibility and applicability of surface landmarks for Baxter nerve entrapment to proximal and distal sites is unclear. This study provides anatomical guidelines for optimal transducer placement using two specific landmarks, the most inferior tip of the medial malleolus (A) and the most protruding posterior tip of the calcaneus (B), to enhance the diagnostic and therapeutic injection efficacy for proximal and distal entrapment sites.

Materials And Methods: Eighty-six feet from 45 fresh cadavers (25 male and 20 female) were dissected to determine Baxter's nerve (BN) localization.

Clinical Outcomes of Total or Partial Renal Artery Embolization in Patients with Spontaneous Renal Bleeding.

Aims: The aim of this study was to evaluate renal artery embolization in patients with spontaneous renal artery bleeding based on detailed angiographic findings and a comprehensive analysis of its efficacy and clinical outcomes.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective study evaluated the outcomes of renal artery embolization in 18 cases among 15 patients (11 men and 4 women; mean age: 57.9 years) treated for spontaneous renal bleeding at our institution between March 2017 and October 2023.