Colorectal Cancer Screening Completion and Yield in Patients Aged 45 to 50 Years : An Observational Study.

Background: Guidelines now recommend initiating colorectal cancer (CRC) screening at age 45 years rather than 50 years, but little is known about screening completion and yield among people aged 45 to 49 years.

Objective: To evaluate fecal immunochemical test (FIT) completion and yield in patients aged 45 to 49 versus 50 years.

Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Cervical Cancer Screening: Patient Perspectives on Transitioning to Primary High-Risk Human Papillomavirus Testing Alone.

Introduction: In 2018, the US Preventive Services Task Force updated cervical cancer screening recommendations to allow for screening every 5 years with primary human papillomavirus (HPV) testing in combination with cytology (cotesting) or every 5 years with primary HPV screening alone. Despite these changes, the uptake of primary HPV screening has been lower than expected. The purpose of this study was to evaluate the patient perspective of an integrated health system transition from cotesting to primary HPV testing among a 30- to 65-year-old cohort.

State of the Evidence of Attachment Regulation and Competency Framework and Adaptions: A Rapid Scoping Review.

The majority of children with traumatic experiences who seek treatment have had multiple traumatic experiences resulting in complex trauma. Complex trauma is associated with multiple adverse outcomes for children and caregivers. Treating complex trauma has the potential to significantly improve child mental and physical health, caregiver mental health, and reduce family conflict.

Development of an Electronic Health Record-Based Algorithm for Predicting Lung Cancer Screening Eligibility in the Population-Based Research to Optimize the Screening Process Lung Research Consortium.

Purpose: Lung cancer screening (LCS) guidelines in the United States recommend LCS for those age 50-80 years with at least 20 pack-years smoking history who currently smoke or quit within the last 15 years. We tested the performance of simple smoking-related criteria derived from electronic health record (EHR) data and developed and tested the performance of a multivariable model in predicting LCS eligibility.

Methods: Analyses were completed within the Population-based Research to Optimize the Screening Process Lung Consortium (PROSPR-Lung).

Application of team science best practices to the project management of a large, multi-site lung cancer screening research consortium.

Research is increasingly conducted through multi-institutional consortia, and best practices for establishing multi-site research collaborations must be employed to ensure efficient, effective, and productive translational research teams. In this manuscript, we describe how the Population-based Research to Optimize the Screening Process Lung Research Center (PROSPR-Lung) utilized evidence-based Science of Team Science (SciTS) best practices to establish the consortium's infrastructure and processes to promote translational research in lung cancer screening. We provide specific, actionable examples of how we: (1) developed and reinforced a shared mission, vision, and goals; (2) maintained a transparent and representative leadership structure; (3) employed strong research support systems; (4) provided efficient and effective data management; (5) promoted interdisciplinary conversations; and (6) built a culture of trust.

Evaluating and Improving Cancer Screening Process Quality in a Multilevel Context: The PROSPR II Consortium Design and Research Agenda.

Background: Cancer screening is a complex process involving multiple steps and levels of influence (e.g., patient, provider, facility, health care system, community, or neighborhood).

Academic-clinical nursing partnership use an evidence-based practice model.

Aims And Objectives: The purpose of this study was to compare the experience of a new clinical model with traditional clinical teaching and examine the effects of evidence-based practice strategies among staff and student nurses.

Background: This provides an innovative approach to nursing student clinical learning that emphasised the academic-clinical partnership with the use of a new model called the Evidence-based Clinical Academic Partnership (ECAP) model. The model incorporates three main components (a) unit transformation into an innovative hybrid version of a dedicated education unit (hDEU); (b) Evidence-in-Action (EIA) rounding; and (c) the cognitive apprenticeship theoretical framework.

A supervised exercise intervention fails to improve subjective and objective sleep measures among older adults with and without HIV.

Background: Chronic sleep disruption can have significant negative health effects and prior studies suggest that people with HIV (PWH) have disproportionately higher rates of sleep problems.

Methods: We evaluated baseline sleep of sedentary, older adults (50-75 years) with ( = 28) and without HIV ( = 29) recruited into a 24-week exercise study. Subjective sleep quality was assessed with the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI); objective sleep parameters were assessed using wrist-worn actigraphy.

Exploration of critical care data by using unsupervised machine learning.

Background And Objective: Identification of subgroups may be useful to understand the clinical characteristics of ICU patients. The purposes of this study were to apply an unsupervised machine learning method to ICU patient data to discover subgroups among them; and to examine their clinical characteristics, therapeutic procedures conducted during the ICU stay, and discharge dispositions.

Methods: K-means clustering method was used with 1503 observations and 9 types of laboratory test results as features.

Prediction Model for Hospital-Acquired Pressure Ulcer Development: Retrospective Cohort Study.

Background: A pressure ulcer is injury to the skin or underlying tissue, caused by pressure, friction, and moisture. Hospital-acquired pressure ulcers (HAPUs) may not only result in additional length of hospital stay and associated care costs but also lead to undesirable patient outcomes. Intensive care unit (ICU) patients show higher risk for HAPU development than general patients.

The Impact of the Doctorate of Nursing Practice Nurse in a Hospital Setting.

This article describes the initiatives of doctorate of nursing practice (DNP)-prepared nurses in a large healthcare system supporting the DNP competencies as outlined by the American Association of Colleges of Nursing. The goal of this group was to demonstrate the impact of DNP education on the roles for nurse administrators, advanced practice nurses, and educators in a large health system. Exemplars profile nurse administrators, clinical nurse specialists, and a nurse educator.

Rurality and determinants of hearing healthcare in adult hearing aid recipients.

Objective: The objective of this study was to compare the timing of hearing aid (HA) acquisition between adults in rural and urban communities. We hypothesized that time of acquisition of HA after onset of hearing loss is greater in rural adults compared with urban adults. Secondary objectives included assessment of socioeconomic/educational status and impact of hearing loss and hearing rehabilitation of urban and rural HA recipients.

Transoral robotic resection of a combined laryngocele.

This case report describes the use of trans-oral robotic surgery (TORS) for the excision of a combined laryngocele. Mixed or combined laryngoceles extend from the supraglottic larynx through the thyrohyoid membrane into the neck. Surgical excision for these benign lesions often requires combined external (transcervical) and internal (transoral endoscopic) approaches which carry significant morbidity.

Timing and Impact of Hearing Healthcare in Adult Cochlear Implant Recipients: A Rural-Urban Comparison.

Objective: The purpose of this study is to compare the timing and impact of hearing healthcare of rural and urban adults with severe hearing loss who use cochlear implants (CI).

Study Design: Cross-sectional questionnaire study.

Setting: Tertiary referral center.

Factors involved in access and utilization of adult hearing healthcare: A systematic review.

Objective/hypothesis: Hearing loss is a public health concern, yet hearing healthcare disparities exist and influence utilization of rehabilitation services. The objective of this review was to systematically analyze the published literature on motivators, barriers, and compliance factors affecting adult patient access and utilization of hearing rehabilitation healthcare.

Data Sources: Pubmed, PsychINFO, CINAHL, and Web of Science were searched for relevant articles.

Catalytic activity of human indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (hIDO1) at low oxygen.

A cytokine-inducible extrahepatic human indoleamine 2,3-dioxygenase (hIDO1) catalyzes the first step of the kynurenine pathway. Immunosuppressive activity of hIDO1 in tumor cells weakens host T-cell immunity, contributing to the progression of cancer. Here we report on enzyme kinetics and catalytic mechanism of hIDO1, studied at varied levels of dioxygen (O2) and L-tryptophan (L-Trp).

Factors influencing emergency department preference for access to healthcare.

Introduction: African-Americans are more likely than Caucasians to access healthcare through the emergency department (ED); however, the reasons behind this pattern are unclear. The objective is to investigate the effect of race, insurance, socioeconomic status, and perceived health on the preference for ED use.

Methods: This is a prospective study at a tertiary care ED from June to July 2009.

Transepithelial ion transport is suppressed in hypoxic sinonasal epithelium.

Objectives/hypothesis: Sinonasal respiratory epithelial mucociliary clearance is dependent on the transepithelial transport of ions such as Cl(-) . The objectives of the present study were to investigate the role of oxygen restriction in 1) Cl(-) transport across primary sinonasal epithelial monolayers, 2) expression of the apical Cl(-) channels cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) and transmembrane protein 16A (TMEM16A), and 3) the pathogenesis of chronic rhinosinusitis.

Study Design: In vitro investigation.

Prognosis in childhood epilepsy: additional follow-up of 148 children 15 to 23 years after withdrawal of anticonvulsant therapy.

To evaluate the risk of relapse in children with epilepsy whose anticonvulsant therapy has been withdrawn after prolonged control, we studied 148 such children for 15 to 23 years or until relapse. Forty-one of the 148 patients (28 per cent) had recurrence of seizures; of these, 35 (85 per cent) had relapses within five years of drug withdrawal. Factors associated with an increased risk of relapse were a long duration of epilepsy before control, neurologic dysfunction, and jacksonian seizures or combinations of seizure types.

Advanced stage and early relapse of breast carcinomas associated with high thymidine labeling indices.

The thymidine labeling index (TLI) showed a lognormal distribution for 133 primary breast carcinomas with a median of 2.21 and a range of 0.04 to 18.

Influenza vaccination in patients with rheumatic diseases. Safety and efficacy.

The safety and efficacy of influenza vaccination were studied in 32 healthy volunteers and in 62 patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE), rheumatoid arthritis, degenerative joint disease, and other rheumatic diseases. These individuals, none of whom was acutely ill, were examined at the time of immunization and one week, three weeks, and four months later. Flare-ups of rheumatic disease following immunization were infrequent and usually minor.

Estrogen receptor assay of carcinomas of the breast by a simplified dextran--charcoal method.

Carcinomas of the breast from 352 women were assayed for binding of tritiated estradiol by tumor cytosol with dextran--charcoal adsorption, saturation analysis, and two-point Scatchard plots; the level of saturable binding defined a cytosol as positive or negative for estrogen receptor. Valid assays were obtained on specimens as small as 120 mg. Assays of replicate samples of a cytosol were more reproducible than assays of replicate samples of the tumor itself.

Trace-metal concentrations in normal human liver: methods to cope with marked variability.

Concentrations of trace elements in human tissues characteristically vary widely, and the distributions of most concentrations are skewed to the right. Examination of some of the factors which contribute to the marked variability and skewness of the concentrations revealed that: (1) distributions of concentrations are satisfactorily normal (Gaussian) after logarithmic transformation, (2) ash weight is the best frame of reference in which to report results, (3) the distributions of metal concentrations are not further normalized by adjustments which assume that tissue lipid or collagen contains a fixed fraction of the metal found in the parenchyma, and (4) the choice of sample site within the liver is of minimal significance.

Development and size of the teeth of Macaca mulatta.

A cross-sectional sample of 151 skulls from Macaca mulatta of known age and similar rearing in U.S. Primate Centers was analyzed to determine age-related "norms" of stages of development and size of teeth.