Validation of the Interview Module for Intermittent Explosive Disorder (M-IED) in children and adolescents: a pilot study.

We identified a subset of impulsive, aggressive children as having symptoms that met criteria for Intermittent Explosive Disorder (IED) using the Interview Module for Intermittent Explosive Disorder (M-IED). The M-IED was administered to 34 children and adolescents between the ages of 10 and 17. These data provide initial evidence for the M-IED as a useful instrument in the diagnosis of IED in adolescents.

Specific subnuclei of the nucleus tractus solitarius play a role in determining the duration of inspiration in the rat.

Our previous data obtained in the cat suggest that the neurons of the ventrolateral subnucleus of the tractus solitarius (vlNTS) act as an inspiratory off-switch and terminate the inspiratory phase of the respiratory cycle (Berger et al., Eur. J.

Transient configurations of baroresponsive respiratory-related brainstem neuronal assemblies in the cat.

The regulation of gas exchange requires coordination of the respiratory and cardiovascular systems. Previous work suggested that medullary raphe neurones transform and transmit information from baroreceptors to neurones in the ventral respiratory group. This study tested the hypothesis that distributed brainstem neuronal assemblies are transiently reconfigured during the respiratory cycle and baroreceptor stimulation.

Latent adeno-associated virus infection elicits humoral but not cell-mediated immune responses in a nonhuman primate model.

Latent infection with wild-type (wt) adeno-associated virus (AAV) was studied in rhesus macaques, a species that is a natural host for AAV and that has some homology to humans with respect to the preferred locus for wt AAV integration. Each of eight animals was infected with an inoculum of 10(10) IU of wt AAV, administered by either the intranasal, intramuscular, or intravenous route. Two additional animals were infected intranasally with wt AAV and a helper adenovirus (Ad), while one additional animal was inoculated with saline intranasally as a control.

[Standardization of the lethal dose 50% of Leptospira interrogans strains used in the control of the leptospirosis cuban vaccine for human use].

The LD50 of strains of L. interrogans used in the potency assay of the Cuban trivalent leptospiral vaccine intended for human use was standardized. The control of the leptospires content of the cultures by means of the adjusting dilution (10 to 12 leptospires per field) was introduced.

Medullary raphe neurones and baroreceptor modulation of the respiratory motor pattern in the cat.

1. Perturbations of arterial blood pressure change medullary raphe neurone activity and the respiratory motor pattern. This study sought evidence for actions of baroresponsive raphe neurones on the medullary respiratory network.

Respiratory depression produced by intravenously administered NBQX.

To determine whether blockade of non-N-methyl-D-aspartate (non-NMDA) excitatory amino acid receptors affects breathing, we administered the non-NMDA receptor antagonist, 2,3-dihydroxy-6-nitro-7-sulfamoyl-benzo(F)quinoxaline (NBQX), to anesthetized cats while monitoring phrenic nerve discharge, blood pressure and heart rate. NBQX, 3 and 10 mg/kg, i.v.

Neuronal matrix metalloproteinase-2 degrades and inactivates a neurite-inhibiting chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan.

Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycans (CSPGs) are implicated in the regulation of axonal growth. We previously reported that the neurite-promoting activity of laminin is inhibited by association with a Schwann cell-derived CSPG and that endoneurial laminin may be inhibited by this CSPG as well [Zuo J, Hernandez YJ, Muir D (1998) Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan with neurite-inhibiting activity is upregulated after peripheral nerve injury. J Neurobiol 34:41-54].

Lipoprotein composition and oxidative modification during therapy with gemfibrozil and lovastatin in patients with combined hyperlipidaemia.

Aim: To evaluate the resistance to oxidation of human lipoproteins after hypolipidaemic therapy.

Methods: VLDL and LDL samples were obtained from patients with Familial Combined Hyperlipidaemia included in a randomized, double-blind, cross-over study, with 8 weeks of active treatment (gemfibrozil, 600 mg twice daily, or lovastatin, 40 mg daily) and a 4-week wash-out period. Oxidation related analytes after Cu-induced oxidation of VLDL and LDL have been investigated.

Chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan with neurite-inhibiting activity is up-regulated following peripheral nerve injury.

Numerous findings support the possibility that highly sulfated proteoglycans are inhibitory molecules which, at high concentration relative to growth-promoting signals, may regulate or guide axonal growth. Although most studies implicate sulfated proteoglycans in the poor regenerative capacity of the central nervous system, inhibitory proteoglycans also may play an important role in the successful regeneration of axons within peripheral nerve. Cultured rat schwannoma and Schwann cells produce chondroitin sulfate proteoglycan (CSPG) which binds to and inhibits the neurite-promoting activity of laminin [Muir et al.

Cocaine inhibits sympathetic neural activity by acting in the central nervous system and at the sympathetic ganglion.

The effects of cocaine on spontaneous pre- and postganglionic sympathetic nerve activity (SNA), mean blood pressure and heart rate were assessed in anesthetized cats. I.v.

Sympathetic nervous system mediated cardiovascular effects of cocaine are primarily due to a peripheral site of action of the drug.

Currently, augmentation of sympathetic nervous system function produced by cocaine is thought to be due primarily to stimulation of sympathetic centers in the brain (central effect) and to inhibition of catecholamine uptake into postganglionic sympathetic nerve terminals (peripheral effect). In this review of our work, we present the following evidence that cocaine-induced changes in cardiovascular function, particularly those that peak within 1 to 5 min after an i.v.

Distributed actions and dynamic associations in respiratory-related neuronal assemblies of the ventrolateral medulla and brain stem midline: evidence from spike train analysis.

1. Considerable evidence indicates that neurons in the brain stem midline and ventrolateral medulla participate in the control of breathing. This work was undertaken to detect and evaluate evidence for functional links that coordinate the parallel operations of neurons distributed in these two domains.

Intravenous NBQX inhibits spontaneously occurring sympathetic nerve activity and reduces blood pressure in cats.

2,3-Dihydroxy-6-nitro-7-sulfamoyl-benzo(F)quinoxaline (NBQX) has been demonstrated to be a specific and competitive non-N-methyl-D-aspartate (non-NMDA) glutamate receptor antagonist. Our previous data obtained with the NMDA receptor antagonist MK-801 indicate that blockade of the NMDA receptor affects blood pressure. The purpose of this study was to determine whether the same is true with blockade of the non-NMDA receptor.

Dynamic reconfiguration of brain stem neural assemblies: respiratory phase-dependent synchrony versus modulation of firing rates.

1. The objective of this work was to determine whether configurations of midline brain stem neural assemblies change during the respiratory cycle. 2.

Respiratory-related neural assemblies in the brain stem midline.

1. The initial objective of this study was to determine whether respiratory-related neural assemblies exist in the brain stem midline. A second goal was to seek evidence for concurrent relationships among the neurons that could generate the detected synchrony.

Functional connectivity between brain stem midline neurons with respiratory-modulated firing rates.

1. Recent evidence supports the idea that neurons distributed along the midline of the brain stem contribute to the regulation of breathing. This study sought evidence for functional connections between midline neurons with respiratory-modulated firing rates.

Cocaine acts in the central nervous system to inhibit sympathetic neural activity.

Cocaine was administered i.v. to decerebrate cats while monitoring cardiac preganglionic sympathetic nerve activity (SNA), arterial blood pressure (BP) and heart rate (HR).

Oral candidiasis in Sjögren's syndrome: prevalence, clinical correlations, and treatment.

Red, nonulcerated, uncomfortable oral mucosal lesions that are often thought to be caused by chronic xerostomia develop in some patients with Sjögren's syndrome (SS). However, we find that these lesions (1) clinically resemble chronic atrophic candidiasis (CAC), (2) usually yield Candida species from their surface, and (3) can be eliminated by topical antifungal drugs in spite of continuing xerostomia. In 246 patients who had primary or secondary SS, we correlated the presence or absence of atrophic oral mucosal lesions with the patient's salivary function and other clinical features.

Intercostal and abdominal muscle afferent influence on caudal medullary expiratory neurons that drive abdominal muscles.

Our objective was to determine if caudal ventral respiratory group (VRG) expiratory (E) neurons that drive abdominal expiratory motoneurons in the lumbar cord respond to intercostal and lumbar nerve afferent stimulation. Results showed that 92% of medullary E-neurons that were antidromically activated from the upper lumbar cord reduced their activity in response to stimulation of external and internal intercostal and lumbar nerve afferents. We conclude that afferent information from intercostal and abdominal muscle tendon organs has an inhibitory effect on caudal VRG E-neurons that drive abdominal expiratory motoneurons.

Prostacyclin production by internal mammary artery as a factor in coronary artery bypass grafts.

Long-term patency of coronary artery bypass grafts (CABG) with internal mammary artery (IMA) is better than with saphenous vein (SV) grafts. To determine if vascular prostacyclin (PGI2) produced by IMA might contribute to the improved outcome, we compared PGI2 generated by IMA and SV fragments from 26 patients undergoing CABG and tested the effect of preoperative, long-term ingestion of of aspirin. Fresh tissues were incubated in buffer +/- 25 mumol/L of sodium arachidonate at 37 degrees C for 5 minutes to stimulate PGI2 production, measured by radioimmunoassay of its major hydrolytic product, 6-keto-PGF1 alpha.

Distribution and metabolism of O-ethyl O-4-nitrophenyl phenylphosphonothioate after a single oral dose in one-week old chicks.

The toxicokinetics and metabolism of a single 1 mg (2.7 muCi/kg) oral dose of uniformly phenyl-labeled [14C]EPN (O-ethyl O-4-nitrophenyl [14C]phenylphosphonothioate) have been studied in 1-week old chicks. One control and three treated chicks were killed at each of the following time intervals: 0.

Movement of necrotic wavefront after coronary artery occlusion in rabbit.

Movement of the necrotic wavefront after coronary artery occlusion (CAO) was defined in rabbits by comparing transient CAO (15, 30, or 60 min) and reperfusion to permanent CAO (n = 5-9/group). At 24 h after CAO the area of necrosis was determined by nitro-blue tetrazolium staining, and the transmural and circumferential extent of necrosis was evaluated at four levels from ligation to apex. Infarct size after permanent CAO for 24 h was 27 +/- 2 (SE) % of the left ventricle.