Epithelial cell proliferation in the rat urinary system induced by parenteral injection of lead salts.

In Wistar rats a single intravascular injection of lead nitrate causes substantial cellular proliferation in the proximal tubules of the kidneys and in the epithelium of the renal pelvis, ureters and urinary bladder. The tritiated thymidine labelling index (LI) reaches a peak 18 to 24 h after injection and the mitotic index (MI) increases to a comparable extent 6 to 10 h later. The proliferation is most prominent in the bladder and proximal tubules and is virtually complete at 48 h.

Dna synthesis in the urinary-tract epithelium of the rat induced by laparotomy and by intraperitoneal injection of distilled water, physiological saline and lycopodium spores.

The tritiated thymidine labelling index (LI) of the epithelium of the ureters and urinary bladder of young male Wistar rats is substantially increased 18 h after a simple laparotomy incision. A similar highly significant increase (P less than 0.001) has been observed after a single i.

Some flow cytofluorimetric studies of the nuclear ploidy of mouse hepatocytes. II. Early changes in nuclear ploidy of mouse hepatocytes following carbon tetrachloride administration: evidence for polyploid nuclei arrested in telophase.

Mature mice have a large proportion of their hepatocyte nuclei in polyploid states (tetraploid and octaploid), and this is more prominent in females. We measured nuclear ploidy distribution cytometrically using ethidium bromide-stained hepatocyte nuclei liberated by in situ collagenase perfusion of the liver via the portal vein. After s.

Some cytofluorimetric studies of the nuclear ploidy of mouse hepatocytes. I. A simple method for isolation of hepatocyte nuclei using in situ perfusion of the liver.

A simple method for isolating mouse hepatocyte nuclei is presented, which requires no special apparatus. Flow cytofluorimetric scans of hepatocyte nuclei, prepared by this method and stained with ethidium bromide, showed that adult mice have a high proportion of their hepatocyte nuclei in the tetraploid and octaploid states. Polyploidy was more pronounced in female animals.

DNA synthesis in the urinary tract epithelium of the rat induced by ureteric ligation.

The effect of ligating the left ureter on the thymidine-labeling index (LI) of epithelial cells lining the urinary tract in male Wistar rats has been investigated and compared with the LI in appropriate control groups. In experiment 1, the temporal pattern of the response was studied. In the left ureter, the LI above and below the ligature began to increase at about 8 hours and reached a peak approximately 100 times normal control values at 18 hours.

Membranous glomerulonephritis in transplant kidneys: recurrent or de novo disease in four patients.

Membranous glomerulonephritis in the graft is a uncommon complication of renal transplantation. In the 4 cases we describe, one patient had recurrence of his original disease, but in the other 3 it arose de novo after allografting for focal segmental glomerulosclerosis, cystinuria or secondary amyloidosis. The lesion was accompanied by mesangial changes of lesser degree and by chronic rejection, and it resulted in accelerated loss of graft function.

Orthotopic rat liver transplantation using different combinations of four inbred strains.

Orthotopic liver transplantation in the rat was performed using different combinations of four inbred strains. The influence of infection and rejection on the early fate of the grafts were studied with a particular emphasis on histomorphological changes and their diagnostic interpretation.

The use of fluorescein-labelled lectins in the detection and identification of fungi pathogenic for man: a preliminary study.

Fluorescein-labelled lectins of known specificities for different sugars were used in an attempt to identify fungi in paraffin sections of surgical and post-mortem material. Aspergillus fumigatus, Blastomyces dermatitidis, Candida albicans, Cryptococcus neoformans, Paracoccidioides brasiliensis and Rhizopus oryzae have been studied with five fluorescein-labelled lectins and with basis of differences in their reactions with these stains. The results accord well with what is known of the chemistry of the organisms and the method offers promise to practising histopathologists.

Prolonged survival of pig orthotopic heart grafts treated with cyclosporin A.

Cyclosporin A was given to pigs receiving orthotopic cardiac allografts from donors mismatched at the major locus. Median survival in 20 control pigs was only 6 days; in 5 pigs given cyclosporin A at 15 mg/kg on 3 days median survival was 22 days; and when 6 animals were given 25 mg/kg intramuscularly for 2 days and then orally median survival is greater than 68 days, with 4 animals still alive.

Biliary sludging following liver transplantation in man.

Following orthotopic liver transplantation in man biliary, obstruction has been produced by masses of inspissated bile--biliary "sludge." Bile studies in two groups of patients following transplantation show that bile is lithogenic in the early postoperative period but that reestablishment of the entero-hepatic circulation of bile salts corrects this. Such changes, however, do not appear to be important in sludge formation and biochemical and histological studies of bile sludge show a major constituent to be necrotic collagen from the donor bile duct walls.

Differential kidney graft survival associated with interaction between recipient ABO group and pretransplant blood transfusion.

In 1973 we reported significantly superior survival of kidneys transplanted to blood group O recipients compared with recipients of those from blood groups A, B, and AB taken together. In this extended series, the difference between these categories was less prominent and no longer significant. In the present study, blood transfusion significantly improved the survival of kidney grafts in patients of blood group O, but not of combined A, B.

Percutaneous needle biopsies of renal allografts: the relationship between morphological changes present in biopsies and subsequent allograft function.

In the Cambridge renal transplant unit percutaneous needle biopsies of renal transplants have been extensively used to help identify the cause of impaired allograft function. During the period 1966--1973, 154 of the 269 renal allografts transplanted were biopsied at least once during the first 90 days after transplantation. In this survey the relationship between morphological changes in these biopsy specimens and allograft function 1, 3 and 5 years after transplantation is assessed.

Simple hypothermic preservation for transporting human livers long distances for transplantation. Report of 12 cases.

Since 1973, 12 patients in the Cambridge-King's College Hospital liver transplant programme have received livers from donors dying in hospitals considerable distances from the transplant centre in Cambridge. The method of preservation used to transport these livers from 35 to 110 miles was flush perfusion with plasma protein fraction and hypothermic storage in ice. The ischaemia times ranged from 2 hr and 42 min to 4 hr and 22 min.

Orthotopic heart transplantation in the pig: the pattern of rejection.

This paper describes the behavior of orthotopically allografted hearts in the pig. Rejection between littermate pigs varied from under 7 days to more than 5 mo in unimmunosuppressed animals.

Cellular proliferation in the urinary tract epithelium of the rat following temporary unilateral renal ischaemia.

A study of the effect of temporary unilateral renal ischaemia on the epithelium lining the renal pelvis and the bladder of the rat is described. There is a significant increase in the mitotic index in the pelvic epithelium of the affected kidneys, presenting a well-defined peak approximately 36 h after reflow. A similar but less pronounced cellular proliferation occurs in the bladder epithelium.

Morphologic features of spleen allografts in rats. Graft rejection, acceptance, or lethal graft-versus-host disease in the same donor-recipient pairing.

The structural changes in serial biopsies of spleen allografts in inbred histoincompatible rats are described. Three experimental procedures in the same donor-recipient pairing (PVG to AGUS) were employed and resulted in spleen graft rejection (Group I, no pretreatment), spleen graft acceptance (Group II, hosts pretreated with donor cells), and lethal GVH disease (Group III, donors pretreated with host cells). Striking features in the three groups were the variation of involvement of the periarterial lymphatic sheaths (PALS) shortly after grafting, and a substantial increase in hemopoiesis, particularly erythropoiesis, in the red pulp.