Late Glacial summer paleohydrology across Central Europe.

It is generally accepted that a weakening of the North Atlantic thermohaline circulation caused the Younger Dryas cooling. Although the role of seasonality was emphasized previously, this aspect is rarely considered yet, and it remains elusive how this impacted hydroclimate during winters and summers across Central Europe. Here, we coupled biomarker-based δO and δH from Bergsee in southern Germany to reconstruct deuterium excess as a proxy for evaporation history from the Bølling-Allerød to the Preboreal.

Exploring Teslasuit's Potential in Detecting Sequential Slip-Induced Kinematic Changes among Healthy Young Adults.

This study aimed to assess whether the Teslasuit, a wearable motion-sensing technology, could detect subtle changes in gait following slip perturbations comparable to an infrared motion capture system. A total of 12 participants wore Teslasuits equipped with inertial measurement units (IMUs) and reflective markers. The experiments were conducted using the Motek GRAIL system, which allowed for accurate timing of slip perturbations during heel strikes.

Introduction and behavioral validation of the climate change distress and impairment scale.

Governmental agencies and the medical and psychological professions are calling for a greater focus on the negative mental health effects of climate change (CC). As a first step, the field needs measures to distinguish affective/emotional distress due to CC from impairment that requires further scientific and diagnostic attention and that may require treatment in the future. To this end, we constructed the climate change distress and impairment scale, which distinguishes CC distress (spanning anger, anxiety, and sadness) from impairment.

Negative affect provides a context for increased distrust in the daily lives of individuals with a history of childhood maltreatment.

Evidence on individuals affected by posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD) following childhood maltreatment (CM) supports cognitive models suggesting that trauma engenders distrust and interpersonal threat sensitivity. We examined the associations between CM and both distrust and interpersonal threat sensitivity in daily life and investigated whether momentary negative affect (NA) provides a context that strengthens this association. Hypotheses were based on cognitive models of trauma and the feelings-as-information theory.

Experimental paradigms in personality disorder research: A review of covered RDoC constructs, methodological issues, and future directions.

Studies using experimental paradigms have been paramount in research on psychopathological processes in personality disorders (PDs). We review 99 articles that report experimental paradigms and that were published between 2017 and 2021 in 13 peer-reviewed journals. We structure the study content according to the National Institute of Mental Health Research Domain Criteria (RDoC), and report details on demographic variables, experimental design, sample size, and statistical analyses.

Maladaptive personality traits as predictors of prosocial and trusting behavior in two economic games.

Background: Dimensional models of personality disorders postulate interpersonal dysfunction as the core feature of personality pathology, and describe maladaptive personality traits that characterize the specific pattern of dysfunction that is experienced. Herein, we examined whether maladaptive traits predict prosocial and trusting behavior, both of which are highly relevant behaviors for interpersonal functioning. Specifically, we examined antagonism as a predictor of prosocial behavior in a dictator game, and suspiciousness as a predictor of trust in the faith game.

How to design virus containment policies? A joint analysis of economic and epidemic dynamics under the COVID-19 pandemic.

We analyze the impact of different designs of COVID-19-related lockdown policies on economic loss and mortality using a micro-level simulation model, which combines a multi-sectoral closed economy with an epidemic transmission model. In particular, the model captures explicitly the (stochastic) effect of interactions between heterogeneous agents during different economic activities on virus transmissions. The empirical validity of the model is established using data on economic and pandemic dynamics in Germany in the first 6 months after the COVID-19 outbreak.

Distributional effects of technological regime changes: hysteresis, concentration and inequality dynamics.

In this paper, we study the effect of different types of technological regime changes on the evolution of industry concentration and wage inequality. Using a calibrated agent-based macroeconomic framework, the Eurace@Unibi model, we consider scenarios where the new regime is characterized by a finite time period of more frequent respectively more substantial changes in the frontier technology compared to the old regime. We show that under both scenarios, the regime change leads to an increase in the heterogeneity of productivity in the firm population and to increased market concentration, where effects are much less pronounced if the new regime differs from the old one with respect to the frequency of innovations.

Prosociality in personality disorders: Status quo and research agenda.

Personality disorders (PDs) are characterized by interpersonal dysfunction and deficits in prosociality are theorized to contribute to this. We review studies linking categorical PDs to prosocial and antagonistic traits and highlight studies that assessed prosocial behavior in PDs via economic games. We structure our review based on the recently proposed affordance framework of prosocial behavior, summarizing the evidence for exploitation, reciprocity, temporal conflict, and dependence under uncertainty as situational affordances that allow the expression of personality in prosocial behavior.

Relations between lab indices of emotion dysregulation and negative affect reactivity in daily life in two independent studies.

Background: We investigated the extent to which physiological/biological measures of emotion dysregulation collected in the lab, resting respiratory sinus arrhythmia (RSA) in Study 1 and amygdala activation in response to negative stimuli in Study 2, combined with daily measures of interpersonal stressors predicted negative emotional states in outpatients better than the stressors alone.

Methods: Participants were adult outpatients with emotional distress disorders (N=30 individuals in Study 1, and N=26 women in Study 2). After completing a laboratory session that collected physiological/biological measures of emotion dysregulation, participants then completed 1-3 weeks of ambulatory assessment during which they reported on interpersonal stressors and negative affective states several times per day.

The roles of personality traits and close social contact in the expression of momentary borderline personality disorder symptoms in daily life.

Dimensional models of personality, such as the five-factor model (FFM), have demonstrated strong coherence with the presentation of personality disorders, including borderline personality disorder (BPD). Given that select personality trait elevations have been linked to impairments in multiple life domains across diagnostic groups, we sought to replicate findings from a previous investigation of the utility of the FFM in predicting BPD-relevant outcomes (i.e.

Real-time reports of drinking to cope: Associations with subjective relief from alcohol and changes in negative affect.

Many individuals report drinking alcohol to cope or relieve negative affective states, but existing evidence is inconsistent regarding whether individuals experience negatively reinforcing effects after drinking to cope (DTC). We used ecological momentary assessment to examine the effects of DTC during daily-life drinking episodes in a sample of current drinkers (N = 110; 52 individuals with borderline personality disorder and 58 community individuals). Multilevel models were used to test whether momentary and episode-level endorsement of DTC-depression and DTC-anxiety motives would be related to increased subjective drinking-contingent relief and decreased depression and anxiety during drinking episodes.

A daily-life study of interpersonal stressors and alcohol use in individuals with borderline personality disorder and community controls.

Background: Interpersonal stressors (ISs) are major factors in relapse in alcohol use disorder (AUD) and are theorized to play a role in drinking behaviors. Past work has examined this association using ecological momentary assessment (EMA), but the unique effects of rejections and disagreements on alcohol use are unknown. Research suggests the two ISs functionally differ and may display distinct associations with drinking.

The effect of momentary mood on appraisal of facial affect and distrust: an experimental approach using ambulatory assessment.

Previous laboratory studies have demonstrated that an observer's current mood can influence their processing of facial stimuli, for instance, the appraisal of facial affect. The aim of the present study was to explore the association between current mood and face processing in participants' daily lives, thereby making use of naturally occurring affective states. We employed Ambulatory Assessment (AA) and included two experimental tasks to test whether current mood predicts how participants evaluate (i) the valence of emotional faces and (ii) facial trustworthiness.

A Novel Spider-Inspired Rotary-Rolling Diaphragm Actuator with Linear Torque Characteristic and High Mechanical Efficiency.

We present a novel, fluid-driven rotary-rolling diaphragm actuator with direct rotary output. Its working principle is inspired by the spider leg's hydraulically operated joints and the diaphragm design of rolling diaphragm actuators. The new actuator is fully sealed, shows minimal output torque losses, and minimum friction during operation.

Mouse-tracking reveals cognitive conflict during negative impression formation in women with Borderline Personality Disorder or Social Anxiety Disorder.

Individuals with Borderline Personality Disorder (BPD) or Social Anxiety Disorder (SAD) suffer from substantial interpersonal dysfunction and have difficulties establishing social bonds. A tendency to form negative first impressions of others could contribute to this by way of reducing approach behavior. We tested whether women with BPD or SAD would show negative impression formation compared to healthy women (HCs).

Childhood maltreatment is associated with distrust and negatively biased emotion processing.

Background: Cognitive models of post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) propose that trauma entails cognitive alterations of increased distrust and perceived threat from others. We tested whether these predictions also hold in individuals with varying levels of childhood maltreatment (CM), which is much more prevalent than traumatic events as required for a PTSD diagnosis. We hypothesized that higher levels of CM would entail greater distrust and perceived threat, and that distrust would be more change-resistant in participants with more CM.

Gallbladder cancer who is really cured?

Background: Although gallbladder cancer (GBCA) is characterized by a dismal prognosis, there is a proportion of patients who are cured. The aim of this study was to analyze the profile of these patients.

Methods: A database was queried for patients who underwent curative resection with a follow-up of at least 5 years.