A haematuria diagnostic service.

In a haematuria diagnostic service, covering experience with 95 patients, 12 new cases of cancer of the bladder, one of cancer of the kidney, and one of cancer of the penis were identified--all at an early stage. Patients presenting with haematuria were investigated rapidly without disruption of the routine work of the urological unit. Patients who identified the symptoms and sought advice early were given a definite diagnosis quickly, and treatment for any malignant disease was started early.

The significance of bone islands, cystic areas and sclerotic areas in dysbaric osteonecrosis.

Dysbaric osteonecrosis is a major hazard to compressed air workers and an increasing hazard to divers. Symptomless osteonecrosis is best recognised by radiology and it is of fundamental importance that interpretation be reliable and accurate. There is much controversy concerning the significance of bone islands and cystic areas; several authors report bone islands and cystic areas to be up to eight times more frequent in compressed air workers and divers and believe that these represent positive evidence of osteonecrosis.

Sperm/cervical-mucus crossed hostility testing and antisperm antibodies in the husband.

The behaviour of sperms has been investigated in preovulatory cervical mucus in 44 infertile couples. In 22 couples, immobilising and agglutinating autoantibodies were detected in the husband's sera in high titres. In 10 couples, antisperm antibodies were detected in the husbands by indirect immunofluorescent testing.

The implications of scrotal interference for the preservation of spermatogenesis in the management of testicular tumours.

Seminal analyses have been performed in 14 patients who have received radiation therapy following unilateral orchidectomy for testicular tumours. In patients receiving scrotal in addition to para-aortic and pelvic lymph node irradiation azoospermia occurred in 17 out 18 specimens examined, whereas in those patients not requiring scrotal irradiation, restoration of spermatogenesis occurred. The difference is a result of the increased dose of radiation received by the remaining testicle when the contralateral side of the scrotum is irradiated.

Renal function after warm ischaemia. II. Marked protective effect of intravenous inosine given prior to 60, 90 and 120 min of warm ischaemia.

Rats were given 10 or 20 mg of inosine dissolved in 1 ml of 0.9% saline, or a control solution of 1 ml of 0.9% saline, intravenously 10 or 20 min before induction of left renal warm ischemia for 60 min.

The detection and localisation of abdominal lymph node metastases from testicular teratomas.

Review of the results of treatment of 275 patients with testicular teratomas indicates that the size of para-aortic node metastases as defined by lymphography is closely related to prognosis, and that accurate definition of these metastases is essential in planning treatment. Although para-aortic lymphadenectomy does not appear to be necessary therapeutically or as a staging procedure, excision of residual bulk disease may be required after chemotherapy and radiotherapy. In these cases the residual para-aortic tumour mass should be accurately localised by ultrasonography so the best surgical approach can be used.

The treatment of advanced bladder cancer with methotrexate.

61 patients with advanced bladder cancer were treated with methotrexate. 3 different regimes were used, 2 given on an out-patient and 1 on an in-patient basis. A response rate of 56% was found in patients who received 100 mg of methotrexate intravenously every 2 weeks as an out-patient.

The obstructed kidney: correlation between renal function and urodynamic assessment.

In 20 patients with pelvi-ureteric junction obstruction the results of quantification of the change in renal pelvis size during high-dose intravenous urography with a diuretic, pressure/flow studies, standard renography and deconvolution analysis of the gamma camera renogram have been compared. The results of high-dose intravenous urography and pressure/flow studies correlated well. Renography was unreliable in diagnosing obstruction unless deconvolution analysis of the gamma camera renogram was used to differentiate those showing an obstructive uropathy from those with an obstructing nephropathy.

The clinical significance of antisperm antibodies in male subfertility.

Sera from 591 men attending Fertility Clinics have been tested for agglutinating, immobilising and immunofluorescent antisperm antibodies. There was good correlation between the presence of high titres (more than 1/32) of agglutinating and immobilising antibodies which were found in 50 patients (8.5%).

Renal function after warm ischaemia. I. Effect of initial perfusate and its temperature.

The left kidneys of anaesthetized, heparinized rats were subjected to a 60-min period of warm ischaemia in vivo and perfused in situ with either isotonic saline, human plasma protein fraction, Perfudex (Pharmacia), 20% mannitol or Sacks' solution at 37 degrees C. A second similar series were perfused at 4 degrees C. One further group had autologous arterial blood perfusion at body temperature.

Propranolol in hypertension: a dose-response study.

The effect of propranolol was studied in a double-blind crossover trial in 24 carefully selected hypertensive outpatients. Each patient received propranolol 60 mg/day, 120 mg/day, 240 mg/day, and placebo for four weeks each according to a randomised sequence. Propranolol 60 mg/day was no better than placebo in reducing blood pressure.

Enhanced preservation of the ischaemic kidney with inosine.

The function of rat kidneys subjected to 60 minutes of warm ischaemia at body-temperature was notably protected by the prior administration of the purine nucleoside inosine as a 40 mg/ml solution maintained at 37 degrees C. With direct intrarenal arterial perfusion of the kidney at the onset of ischaemia or with intraperitoneal (i.p.

Hypothermic prostatic resection.

A simple method of markedly reducing blood loss during T.U.R.

A computer-based record and organisation system for a department of urology.

This paper describes the development and practical application of a computer-based record system in a urological department. It demonstrates how such a system can provide a clinical flow sheet for day-to-day use combined with a computerised data store for both clinical evaluation and for research purposes. The paper also outlines how the system has improved patient handling and general departmental efficiency.

Continuous perfusion of human cadaveric kidneys for transplantation.

63 cadaveric kidneys have been preserved for up to 36 hours by continuous perfusion on a Gambro machine 52 kidneys were transplanted: 13 (25%) functioned immediately, 23 (44%) functioned after 2 to 28 days, and 16 (31%) failed to function. 11 kidneys with poor perfusion flow characteristics were discarded. Of 30 kidneys followed for more than 18 months, graft survival was 50%.

200 infertile males: correlation of chromosome, histological, endocrine and clinical studies.

Somatic and meiotic chromosomes have been studied prospectively in 200 subfertile males. The results have been correlated with clinical, seminal and endocrinological features, with histological findings in testicular biopsies and with response to conventional treatment. Somatic chromosome abnormalities were found in 3-5% of cases and variants of the Y chromosome were found in 10-5%.