Cytoplasmic male sterility and abortive seed traits generated through mitochondrial genome editing coupled with allotopic expression of in tobacco.

Allotopic expression is the term given for the deliberate relocation of gene function from an organellar genome to the nuclear genome. We hypothesized that the allotopic expression of an essential mitochondrial gene using a promoter that expressed efficiently in all cell types except those responsible for male reproduction would yield a cytoplasmic male sterility (CMS) phenotype once the endogenous mitochondrial gene was inactivated via genome editing. To test this, we repurposed the mitochondrially encoded gene of tobacco to function in the nucleus under the transcriptional control of a CaMV 35S promoter (construct 35S:nATP1), a promoter that has been shown to be minimally expressed in early stages of anther development.

Benchmarking the repeatability of a pneumatic cyclic neutron activation analysis facility using 16O(n,p)16N for nuclear forensics.

A target was prepared for cyclic neutron activation analysis by heat sealing lithium-carbonate in polyethylene. The target was cyclically irradiated 50 times using a Thermo-Scientific accelerator based deuterium-tritium fusion neutron generator. During counting periods, gamma-rays emitted by (16)N were detected using three high-purity germanium detectors acquiring data in list-mode.

Photon emissions observed in the decay of 233Th.

Stock solutions of (233)Th were produced by the (232)Th(n,gamma) reaction and multiple purifications were used to obtain relative intensities of weak transitions. Liquid scintillation counting (absolute disintegration rates) and gamma-ray spectroscopy with HPGe detectors yielded absolute photon intensities. Absolute intensities in % (with statistical uncertainties) of prominent radiations (L and K X-rays; 29, 86, and 459 keV gamma-rays) are 8.

Macular degeneration: types, causes, and possible interventions.

Macular degeneration is the most common cause of blindness in individuals over 50 years of age. The condition is frequently classified into the categories of early, intermediate, and advanced stages. Current interventions concerning macular degeneration include a healthy lifestyle, diet, medical intervention, surgery, and environmental assistance.

Systematic modeling study of channel waveguide fabrication by thermal silver ion exchange.

A systematic study of thermal silver ion exchange used for the fabrication of optical channel waveguides is reported in a single-alkali glass. The diffusion equilibrium and diffusion dynamics are experimentally studied, and the concentration-dependent diffusion coefficients are determined. The relationship between the fabrication conditions, i.

The causal pathway model and cerebral palsy.

This article reviews possible prenatal, perinatal, and postnatal causes of cerebral palsy. The interactive effects of various causes are evaluated. Groups of intervention strategies are then presented based on the causal pathway model.

Production of Co-60 sources for high-accuracy efficiency calibrations of gamma-ray spectrometers.

Activity determination by gamma-ray spectrometry is a valuable aid which is widely used where radioactive sources are applied. For the construction of an efficiency curve vs. energy in a standard geometry, the accuracy is limited not only by the uncertainty of peak area determination and the knowledge of the relevant emission probabilities but also by the uncertainties of the activity values applied to efficiency calibration with standard sources.

A movement-based approach to language development in children who are deaf-blind.

A movement-based approach to the development of language in children with deaf-blindness includes utilization of the four coactive movement phases: resonance, coactive movement, nonrepresentation reference, and deferred imitation. Such an approach stresses the use of structure in the environment as well as the use of a hierarchy of media cues. These cues range from concrete to symbolic in their characteristics and assist children in learning more complex concepts.

Educational intervention strategies for children with visual impairments with emphasis on retinopathy of prematurity.

Young children with retinopathy of prematurity have many intervention needs. This article discusses the possible causes of retinopathy of prematurity and possible educational problems experienced by these children. In addition, possible intervention strategies are suggested in the areas of language development, social interaction, self-help skills, orientation and mobility, and educational technology as they relate to the needs of young children with retinopathy of prematurity.

Retinopathy of prematurity.

Retinopathy of prematurity is a condition that can be ameliorated for premature infants. Such intervention strategies include careful administration of oxygen in incubators through monitoring of blood gases, early detection of ROP utilizing the international evaluation of ROP diagnosis, and timely drug and surgical interventions for premature infants. These strategies apply to all premature infants but especially to those whose birth weight was less than 1,500 grams and who received oxygen for a prolonged period of time.

Nutrition: an issue of concern for children with disabilities.

Children with special health care needs should be identified as early as possible. Nutritionists, educators, therapists, parents, primary care clinicians, should serve as interdisciplinary advocates for these children by planning through conversations, meetings, and individualized educational plan objectives to secure any needed services. Intervention services also can involve specialized techniques such as food preparation, stimulation of the eating process, and monitoring of specialized feedings (e.

Parents' opinions concerning possible causes of cerebral palsy.

This study surveys parents of children with cerebral palsy. The purpose of the study is to report the parents' opinions concerning possible causes of cerebral palsy. All parents of children with cerebral palsy who attended the United Cerebral Palsy centers in North Carolina were asked to respond to a survey concerning their opinions of possible causative factors related to cerebral palsy.

Abuse-provoking characteristics of institutionalized mentally retarded individuals.

Abuse-provoking characteristics of institutionalized mentally retarded individuals were examined. A group of 80 abused retarded clients in a residential setting were compared to a group of 80 nonabused clients. The two groups were compared on IQs, social quotients, presence of physical disabilities, aggressive behavior, ability to communicate verbally, presence of self-injurious behavior, ability to ambulate, sex, and age.