The impact of race on biochemical disease-free survival in early-stage prostate cancer patients treated with surgery or radiation therapy.

Purpose: To assess the impact of race on biochemical freedom from recurrence in patients with early-stage prostate cancer treated either by radical prostatectomy or radiation therapy.

Methods: Between July 1989 and December 1994, 693 patients with early-stage prostate cancer were treated with radiation (302 patients) or by radical prostatectomy (391 patients) at Barbara Ann Karmanos Cancer Institute/Wayne State University. Stage, Gleason score, race, pretreatment PSA, and follow-up PSA values were abstracted.

Combined low-dose-rate brachytherapy and external beam radiation for cervical cancer: experience over ten years.

Cervical cancer was treated with a combination of external beam and intracavitary radiation during a 10-year period at Wayne State University. Data were collected for 216 patients treated radically with external beam radiation (EBRT) and low-dose-rate brachytherapy for cervical cancer between 1980 and 1991 at Wayne State University. Patient distribution by stage was IB, 20.

Continuing medical education: interests of former and current residents of a physical medicine and rehabilitation residency program.

To plan targeted, relevant continuing medical educational activities, a study was undertaken to assess demographic data, practice patterns, and current continuing medical educational needs of former graduates of the physical medicine and rehabilitation program. A survey was sent to the 168 physicians who had completed a physical medicine and rehabilitation residency program from 1961 to 1995 and to the 34 then current residents in the program. Questions were asked regarding gender, year of completion of residency, certification, fellowships, current employment situation, size of practice community, work time distribution, and busiest areas of clinical practice.

Urinary incontinence in working women: an exploratory study.

Women who work for a large academic center were surveyed about urinary incontinence. The response rate was 57%. Of the 1113 usable questionnaires, 232 (21%) indicated that urinary incontinence occurred at least monthly.

Interleukin 10-mediated immunosuppression by a variant CD4 T cell epitope of Plasmodium falciparum.

The immunodominant CD4 T cell epitope region, Th2R, of the circumsporozoite protein of Plasmodium falciparum is highly polymorphic. Such variation might be utilized by the parasite to escape from or interfere with CD4 T cell effector functions. Here, we show that costimulation with naturally occurring altered peptide ligands (APL) can induce a rapid change from IFNgamma production to the immunosuppressive mediator interleukin 10 (IL-10).

Perceived causes of urinary incontinence and reporting: a study with working women.

The purposes of this study were to describe what working women perceived as the cause of their urinary incontinence (UI) and to determine if there was a relationship between identifying their UI cause and reporting it.

A randomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled parallel study of loteprednol etabonate 0.2% in patients with seasonal allergic conjunctivitis.

Objective: To evaluate the effects of loteprednol etabonate (LE) 0.2% in reducing the signs and symptoms of seasonal allergic conjunctivitis.

Design: Randomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled, parallel group multicenter study of 6 weeks duration.

The influence of race on the efficacy of curative radiation therapy for carcinoma of the prostate.

The purpose of this study was to examine the effect of race on the outcome of patients treated curatively with external beam irradiation for carcinoma of the prostate. The study was performed between January 1980 and December 1993 of 1,529 men with prostate cancer. Similar percentages of Caucasian men (CM) and African-American men (AAM) had localized disease (stages T1 and T2) and advanced stage disease (stage T3).

Implementing a bicycle safety workshop.

Each year almost 400,000 children ages 14 and younger are treated in emergency rooms for bicycle-related injuries. An additional 500,000 young riders are treated in other settings (private pediatrician's office, urgent care centers) (American Academy of Pediatrics, 1991). An awareness has been raised this past decade toward programs that target injury prevention and promote safety and health in children.

Double-masked, placebo-controlled evaluation of loteprednol etabonate 0.5% for postoperative inflammation. Loteprednol Etabonate Post-operative Inflammation Study Group 1.

Purpose: To compare the efficacy and safety of loteprednol etabonate 0.5% with those of a placebo (vehicle) in controlling anterior chamber cell and flare reaction in patients having cataract surgery with intraocular lens (IOL) implantation.

Methods: This randomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled, parallel-group multicenter study comprised patients who exhibited a minimum anterior chamber inflammation (ACI) score (sum of cell and flare reaction) of 3 (0 to 9 scale) on the day after cataract removal with posterior chamber IOL implantation.

The role of biomineralization in microbiologically influenced corrosion.

Synthetic iron oxides (goethite, alpha-FeO.OH; hematite, Fe2O3; and ferrihydrite, Fe(OH)3) were used as model compounds to simulate the mineralogy of surface films on carbon steel. Dissolution of these oxides exposed to pure cultures of the metal-reducing bacterium, Shewanella putrefaciens, was followed by direct atomic absorption spectroscopy measurement of ferrous iron coupled with microscopic analyses using confocal laser scanning and environmental scanning electron microscopies.

A randomized, double-masked, placebo-controlled parallel study of 0.2% loteprednol etabonate in patients with seasonal allergic conjunctivitis.

Background: Loteprednol etabonate is a site-active corticosteroid with efficacy and safety in treating ocular inflammation at the 0.5% concentration. Evidence from dose-response studies suggested that the 0.

Potencies of lipoproteins in fasting and postprandial plasma to accept additional cholesterol molecules released from cell membranes.

To investigate the role of various lipoproteins in plasma to promote cholesterol efflux from cell membranes, potencies of lipoproteins in normolipidemic fasting and postprandial (PP) plasmas to accept additional cholesterol molecules from cell membranes were determined. We used red blood cells (RBCs) and lipoproteins in fresh blood as donors and acceptors of cell membrane cholesterol, respectively. When fresh fasting plasma (n=24) containing active lecithin:cholesterol acyltransferase (LCAT) and cholesteryl ester transfer proteins (CETP) was incubated with a 3-fold excess of autologous RBCs at 37 degrees C for 18 hours, plasma cholesterol levels increased by 19.

Chronic pain in a community-based sample of men with spinal cord injury: prevalence, severity, and relationship with impairment, disability, handicap, and subjective well-being.

Objective: To assess the prevalence, severity, and correlates of chronic pain in a community-based sample of men with spinal cord injury (SCI).

Design: Survey.

Setting: Community.

Inhibition of eating behavior: negative cognitive effects of dieting.

This study tested the hypothesis that dieters would score higher than nondieters in terms of food rumination. Two hundred and thirty one college undergraduates completed the Eating Obsessive-Compulsiveness Scale (EOCS) and responded to a questionnaire that inquired about dieting status. Subjects also completed measures that tapped neuroticism and social desirability.

The PROTECT Study: final results of a large multicenter postmarketing study in patients with type 2 diabetes. Precose Resolution of Optimal Titration to Enhance Current Therapies.

The Precose Resolution of Optimal Titration to Enhance Current Therapies (PROTECT) trial was a nationwide postmarketing study designed to assess the effectiveness, tolerability, and safety of acarbose in patients with type 2 diabetes mellitus. This prospective, multicenter, open-label, 28-week trial enrolled 6142 patients who had type 2 diabetes that was inadequately controlled with either diet alone or diet plus a sulfonylurea. The dosage of acarbose was titrated from 25 mg TID to 50 mg TID (forced titration) and then titrated from 50 mg TID to 100 mg TID based on tolerability and efficacy.

Radiation therapy for endometrial cancer in patients treated for postoperative recurrence.

Purpose: To retrospectively evaluate the outcome and risk factors in patients treated with radiation for endometrial cancer at time of recurrence.

Materials And Methods: Three hundred ninety-nine women were treated with radiation therapy for endometrial cancer at KCI/WSU from January 1980 to December 1994. Of these, 26 patients treated primarily with surgery received radiation therapy at the time of recurrence.

Activating mutations in the extracellular domain of the fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 function by disruption of the disulfide bond in the third immunoglobulin-like domain.

Multiple human skeletal and craniosynostosis disorders, including Crouzon, Pfeiffer, Jackson-Weiss, and Apert syndromes, result from numerous point mutations in the extracellular region of fibroblast growth factor receptor 2 (FGFR2). Many of these mutations create a free cysteine residue that potentially leads to abnormal disulfide bond formation and receptor activation; however, for noncysteine mutations, the mechanism of receptor activation remains unclear. We examined the effect of two of these mutations, W290G and T341P, on receptor dimerization and activation.

Age-related differences in response to neutrophil-mediated reperfusion injury in the neonatal piglet heart.

Background: Neonatal hearts have altered adhesion molecule interactions in response to ischemia-reperfusion. How this affects myocardial function is unknown.

Methods: Isolated, buffer perfused 0- to 2-day (newborn) and 2-week piglet hearts were first subjected to 20-minute global, normothermic ischemia, followed by 45 minutes of reperfusion during which 150 x 10(6) newborn or 2-week neutrophils were infused.

Metropolitan governance, residential segregation, and mortality among African Americans.

Objectives: This study tested the hypothesis that the degree to which local government is metropolitanized is associated with mortality rates for African Americans and with residential segregation, which has itself previously been shown to be positively associated with mortality among African Americans.

Methods: One hundred fourteen US standard metropolitan statistical areas were examined. The primary dependent variable was the age-adjusted, race- and sex-specific all-cause mortality rate, averaged for 1990 and 1991.

A rational approach to the treatment of prostate cancer with radiation therapy: lessons for the future.

The widespread use of prostate-specific antigen (PSA) has revealed that radiation therapy cures adenocarcinoma of the prostate less frequently than previously believed. Biologic factors (such as the complex nature of this disease) and technical factors (geographic miss, inadequate dose to the tumor volume) affect the ability of radiation to effectively treat all patients with prostate cancer. To improve treatment outcome, patients with virulent forms of the disease must be identified.