Robotic multi-probe single-actuator inchworm neural microdrive.

A wide range of techniques in neuroscience involve placing individual probes at precise locations in the brain. However, large-scale measurement and manipulation of the brain using such methods have been severely limited by the inability to miniaturize systems for probe positioning. Here, we present a fundamentally new, remote-controlled micropositioning approach composed of novel phase-change material-filled resistive heater micro-grippers arranged in an inchworm motor configuration.

Application of Tunica Vaginalis Flap for Epispadias Repair in the Epispadias-Exstrophy Complex.

Objective: To describe long-term outcomes and experience with the tunica vaginalis flap (TVF) as a tissue augment for complex epispadias repair.

Methods: A prospectively maintained institutional database was reviewed for patients who underwent epispadias repair with TVF from 2010 to 2021. Evaluation of patient characteristics between those who developed dehiscence or UCF and those who did not was performed via Mann-Whitney U, Kruskal-Wallis, or Fisher's exact test, as appropriate.

Metal-organic frameworks as O-selective adsorbents for air separations.

Oxygen is a critical gas in numerous industries and is produced globally on a gigatonne scale, primarily through energy-intensive cryogenic distillation of air. The realization of large-scale adsorption-based air separations could enable a significant reduction in associated worldwide energy consumption and would constitute an important component of broader efforts to combat climate change. Certain small-scale air separations are carried out using N-selective adsorbents, although the low capacities, poor selectivities, and high regeneration energies associated with these materials limit the extent of their usage.

Asynchronous Changepoint Estimation for Spatially Correlated Functional Time Series.

We propose a new solution under the Bayesian framework to simultaneously estimate mean-based asynchronous changepoints in spatially correlated functional time series. Unlike previous methods that assume a shared changepoint at all spatial locations or ignore spatial correlation, our method treats changepoints as a spatial process. This allows our model to respect spatial heterogeneity and exploit spatial correlations to improve estimation.

Providers' reflections on infrastructure and improvements to promote access to care for Veterans experiencing housing instability in rural areas of the United States: A qualitative study.

Veterans in rural areas of the United States face barriers to accessing healthcare and other services, which are intensified for those experiencing housing instability. Recent legislative acts have the potential to address obstacles faced by rural patients in the U.S.

An Evaluation of an Enhanced Model of Integrating Family Planning Into HIV Treatment Services in Zambia, April 2018-June 2019.

Background: We designed and implemented an enhanced model of integrating family planning (FP) into existing HIV treatment services at 6 health facilities in Lusaka, Zambia.

Methods: The enhanced model included improving FP documentation within HIV monitoring systems, training HIV providers in FP services, offering contraceptives within the HIV clinic, and facilitated referral to community-based distributors. Independent samples of women living with HIV (WLHIV) aged ≥16 years were interviewed before and after intervention and their clinical data abstracted from medical charts.

EFSUMB Clinical Practice Guidelines for Point-of-Care Ultrasound: Part One (Common Heart and Pulmonary Applications) SHORT VERSION.

Objective:  To evaluate the evidence and produce a summary and recommendations for the most common heart and lung point-of-care ultrasound (PoCUS).

Methods:  We reviewed 10 clinical domains/questions related to common heart and lung applications of PoCUS. Following review of the evidence, a summary and recommendations were produced, including assigning levels of evidence (LoE) and grading of recommendation, assessment, development, and evaluation (GRADE).

Identification and genomic characterization of major effect bacterial blight resistance locus (BB-13) in Upland cotton (Gossypium hirsutum L.).

Identification and genomic characterization of major resistance locus against cotton bacterial blight (CBB) using GWAS and linkage mapping to enable genomics-based development of durable CBB resistance and gene discovery in cotton. Cotton bacterial leaf blight (CBB), caused by Xanthomonas citri subsp. malvacearum (Xcm), has periodically been a damaging disease in the USA.

Cardiomyocyte p38 MAPKα suppresses a heart-adipose tissue-neutrophil crosstalk in heart failure development.

Although p38 MAP Kinase α (p38 MAPKα) is generally accepted to play a central role in the cardiac stress response, to date its function in maladaptive cardiac hypertrophy is still not unambiguously defined. To induce a pathological type of cardiac hypertrophy we infused angiotensin II (AngII) for 2 days via osmotic mini pumps in control and tamoxifen-inducible, cardiomyocyte (CM)-specific p38 MAPKα KO mice (iCMp38αKO) and assessed cardiac function by echocardiography, complemented by transcriptomic, histological, and immune cell analysis. AngII treatment after inactivation of p38 MAPKα in CM results in left ventricular (LV) dilatation within 48 h (EDV: BL: 83.

Progress towards the UNAIDS 90-90-90 targets among persons aged 50 and older living with HIV in 13 African countries.

Introduction: Achieving optimal HIV outcomes, as measured by global 90-90-90 targets, that is awareness of HIV-positive status, receipt of antiretroviral (ARV) therapy among aware and viral load (VL) suppression among those on ARVs, respectively, is critical. However, few data from sub-Saharan Africa (SSA) are available on older people (50+) living with HIV (OPLWH). We examined 90-90-90 progress by age, 15-49 (as a comparison) and 50+ years, with further analyses among 50+ (55-59, 60-64, 65+ vs.

Roll-to-Roll, Dual-Layer Slot Die Coating of Chitin and Cellulose Oxygen Barrier Films for Renewable Packaging.

Cellulose and chitin are the two most abundant naturally produced biopolymers and are being extensively studied as candidates for renewable oxygen barrier films used in packaging. It has been shown that bilayers formed from cellulose nanocrystals (CNCs) and chitin nanofibers (ChNFs) exhibit oxygen barrier properties similar to polyethylene terephthalate (PET). However, this prior work explored only coating each layer individually in sequence through techniques such as spray coating.

Virtual reality and haptic interfaces for civilian and military open trauma surgery training: A systematic review.

Objective: Virtual (VR), augmented (AR), mixed reality (MR) and haptic interfaces make additional avenues available for surgeon assessment, guidance and training. We evaluated applications for open trauma and emergency surgery to address the question: Have new computer-supported interface developments occurred that could improve trauma training for civilian and military surgeons performing open, emergency, non-laparoscopic surgery?

Design: Systematic literature review.

Setting And Participants: Faculty, University of Maryland School of Medicine, Baltimore.

"Having Pain is Normal": How Talk about Chronic Pelvic and Genital Pain Reflects Messages from Menarche.

Chronic pelvic and genital pain conditions (CPGPCs) often go undiagnosed and untreated in women for years after symptom onset. This is due, in part, to communication challenges experienced by patients such as difficulties describing pain and the stigmatized nature of CPGPCs. However, studies have yet to explore how early messages about menstruation, a context similar in its stigmatized and painful nature, may contribute to undertreatment and diagnostic delays for adult women experiencing CPGPCs by normalizing pelvic and genital pain when they are young girls.

Differences in internalizing symptoms between those with and without Cannabis Use Disorder among HBCU undergraduate students.

Objective: To determine the differences in internalizing symptoms between those who met criteria for Cannabis Use Disorder (CUD) and those who did not in young adults attending a Historically Black College or University (HBCU).

Participants: The sample included 619 undergraduate students, with 110 (18%) who met criteria for CUD.

Methods: Participants completed an online survey, which included demographic, anxious and depressive symptomatology, and substance use assessment.

Iatrogenic and spontaneous preterm birth in England: A population-based cohort study.

Objective: To describe the rates of and risk factors associated with iatrogenic and spontaneous preterm birth and the variation in rates between hospitals.

Design: Cohort study using electronic health records.

Setting: English National Health Service.

Microglial STAT1-sufficiency is required for resistance to toxoplasmic encephalitis.

Toxoplasma gondii is a ubiquitous intracellular protozoan parasite that establishes a life-long chronic infection largely restricted to the central nervous system (CNS). Constant immune pressure, notably IFN-γ-STAT1 signaling, is required for preventing fatal pathology during T. gondii infection.

Evaluation of a complex intervention for prisoners with common mental health problems, near to and after release: the Engager randomised controlled trial.

Background: Many male prisoners have significant mental health problems, including anxiety and depression. High proportions struggle with homelessness and substance misuse.

Aims: This study aims to evaluate whether the Engager intervention improves mental health outcomes following release.

Scalable purification of recombinant structural proteins, hagfish intermediate filament α and ɣ, from inclusion bodies for fiber formation.

The purpose of this study was to determine a method to purify recombinant hagfish intermediate filament proteins, alpha and gamma, in a scalable manner. The study succeeded by having an increase in protein recovery of up to 35% when comparing centrifuge purification and the developed tangential flow purification. The proteins were approximately the same purity of 70% pure but further purification increased the purity of the proteins by 16%, based on ImageJ analysis.

Creative adolescent experiences of education and mental health during COVID-19: A qualitative study.

This qualitative study investigated creative adolescent perceptions of their educational and mental health experiences during the coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) pandemic. Participants were 25 English-speaking adolescents from the Midwest in the United States. They were identified as creative by their teachers according to known creative profiles.

The use of autologous skeletal muscle progenitor cells for adjunctive treatment of presumptive urethral sphincter mechanism incompetence in female dogs.

Background: Urethral sphincter mechanism incompetence (USMI) is a common problem in female dogs, but some dogs fail to achieve continence with standard treatment. Urethral submucosal injection of autologous skeletal muscle progenitor cells (skMPCs) previously has been shown to restore urethral function in a canine model of USMI.

Hypothesis/objective: To determine if urethral submucosal injection of skMPC alters continence in dogs with USMI that had previously failed standard medical management.

Recent HIV Infection Among Men Who Have Sex with Men, Transgender Women, and Genderqueer Individuals with Newly Diagnosed HIV Infection in Zimbabwe: Results from a Respondent-Driven Sampling Survey.

In Africa, rapid testing for recent HIV infection (RTRI) is being scaled up; however, use of the recent infection testing algorithm (RITA), which uses viral load (VL) to confirm RTRI-recent infections, is not a widespread practice. We present results of recently acquired HIV infections among men who have sex with men (MSM), transgender women, and genderqueer (TGW/GQ) individuals with newly diagnosed HIV infection in Zimbabwe as per the national approach (RTRI) and applying a RITA. In 2019, 1,538 MSM and TGW/GQ in Harare and Bulawayo, Zimbabwe were recruited to participate in a biobehavioral survey using respondent-driven sampling.

A Review of Extraintestinal Manifestations & Medication-Induced Myocarditis and Pericarditis in Pediatric Inflammatory Bowel Disease.

Inflammatory bowel disease (IBD) is a systemic disorder where extraintestinal symptoms may involve virtually any organ system. Of these extraintestinal symptoms, those involving the heart are relatively rare but associated with significant morbidity. We reviewed the existing literature on noninfectious myocarditis and pericarditis in the pediatric IBD population, including extraintestinal manifestations (EIMs) of IBD and extraintestinal complications (EICs) from medication.