Effect of data censoring on thoracic injury risk curves.

Objective: The first objective was to evaluate the effect of using less censored (i.e., exact and interval-censored) data on thoracic injury risk curves and the resulting injury probabilities.

The United Nations' General Assembly High-Level Meeting on antimicrobial resistance: a joint statement from the Heads of Government and Chief Medical Officers of the United Kingdom's Overseas Territories.

The UK Overseas Territories (UKOTs) are small, often remote territories with historical and territorial links to the UK. They range from densely populated areas (Cayman, Bermuda, Gibraltar) to land with no permanent inhabitants (British Antarctic Territory, South Georgia). However, they are linked by ecosystem instability (the permacrisis) including antimicrobial resistance (AMR), climate change and biodiversity disruption.

SHC-3: a previously unidentified C. elegans Shc family member functions in the insulin-like signaling pathway to enhance survival during L1 arrest.

Shc (Src homologous and collagen) proteins function in many different signaling pathways where they mediate phosphorylation-dependent protein-protein interactions. These proteins are characterized by the presence of two phosphotyrosine-binding domains, an N-terminal PTB and a C-terminal SH2. We describe a previously unrecognized Caenorhabditis elegans Shc gene, shc-3 and characterize its role in stress response.

Frontal-Crash Occupant Protection in the Rear Seat: Submarining and Abdomen/Pelvis Response in Midsized Male Surrogates.

Frontal-crash sled tests were conducted to assess submarining protection and abdominal injury risk for midsized male occupants in the rear seat of modern vehicles. Twelve sled tests were conducted in four rear-seat vehicle-bucks with twelve post-mortem human surrogates (PMHS). Select kinematic responses and submarining incidence were compared to previously observed performance of the Hybrid III 50th-percentile male and THOR-50M ATDs (Anthropomorphic Test Devices) in matched sled tests conducted as part of a previous study.

Comparison of Adult Female and Male PMHS Pelvis and Lumbar Response to Underbody Blast.

The goal of this study was to gather and compare kinematic response and injury data on both female and male whole-body Post-mortem Human Surrogates (PMHS) responses to Underbody Blast (UBB) loading. Midsized males (50th percentile, MM) have historically been most used in biomechanical testing and were the focus of the Warrior Injury Assessment Manikin (WIAMan) program, thus this population subgroup was selected to be the baseline for female comparison. Both small female (5th percentile, SF) and large female (75th percentile, LF) PMHS were included in the test series to attempt to discern whether differences between male and female responses were predominantly driven by sex or size.

Safety and Immune Responses Following Anti-PD-1 Monoclonal Antibody Infusions in Healthy Persons With Human Immunodeficiency Virus on Antiretroviral Therapy.

Background: T cells in people with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) demonstrate an exhausted phenotype, and HIV-specific CD4 T cells expressing programmed cell death 1 (PD-1) are enriched for latent HIV, making antibody to PD-1 a potential strategy to target the latent reservoir.

Methods: This was a phase 1/2, randomized (4:1), double-blind, placebo-controlled study in adults with suppressed HIV on antiretroviral therapy with CD4 counts ≥350 cells/μL who received 2 infusions of cemiplimab versus placebo. The primary outcome was safety, defined as any grade 3 or higher adverse event (AE) or any immune-related AE (irAE).

Comparison of Omicron breakthrough infection versus monovalent SARS-CoV-2 intramuscular booster reveals differences in mucosal and systemic humoral immunity.

Our understanding of the quality of cellular and humoral immunity conferred by COVID-19 vaccination alone versus vaccination plus SARS-CoV-2 breakthrough (BT) infection remains incomplete. While the current (2023) SARS-CoV-2 immune landscape of Canadians is complex, in late 2021 most Canadians had either just received a third dose of COVID-19 vaccine, or had received their two-dose primary series and then experienced an Omicron BT. Herein we took advantage of this coincident timing to contrast cellular and humoral immunity conferred by three doses of vaccine versus two doses plus BT.

A comparison of fracture response in female and male lumbar spine in simulated under body blast component tests.

Underbody blasts (UBB) from mines and improvised explosive devices in military combat can cause debilitating spine injuries to vehicle mounted soldiers. Due to the exclusion of females in combat roles in prior US Department of Defense policy, UBB exposure and injury have predominantly affected male soldiers. Recent policy changes have opened many combat roles to women serving in the US Military (Carter, 2015) and have increased the need to understand the injury potential for female Warfighters.

Superiority and cost-effectiveness of monthly extended-release buprenorphine versus daily standard of care medication: a pragmatic, parallel-group, open-label, multicentre, randomised, controlled, phase 3 trial.

Background: Daily methadone maintenance or buprenorphine treatment is the standard-of-care (SoC) medication for opioid use disorder (OUD). Subcutaneously injected, extended-release buprenorphine (BUP-XR) may be more effective-but there has been no superiority evaluation.

Methods: This pragmatic, parallel-group, open-label, multi-centre, effectiveness superiority randomised, controlled, phase 3 trial was conducted at five National Health Service community-based treatment clinics in England and Scotland.

Omicron variant neutralizing antibodies following BNT162b2 BA.4/5 versus mRNA-1273 BA.1 bivalent vaccination in patients with end-stage kidney disease.

Neutralization of Omicron subvariants by different bivalent vaccines has not been well evaluated. This study characterizes neutralization against Omicron subvariants in 98 individuals on dialysis or with a kidney transplant receiving the BNT162b2 (BA.4/BA.

Career Outcomes of Nondesignated Preliminary Surgery Residents: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis.

Objective: Nondesignated preliminary surgery (NDPS) residency offers postgraduate medical education with no guarantee of a subsequent categorical position. Some literature exists detailing the career outcomes of these residents, but these results are complicated by the limited scale of these studies. The purpose of this systematic review and meta-analysis is to summarize the career outcomes of these residents from the existing literature.

Omicron BA.4/5 Neutralization and T-Cell Responses in Organ Transplant Recipients After Booster Messenger RNA Vaccine: A Multicenter Cohort Study.

Background: In solid organ transplant (SOT) recipients, the primary vaccination series against Coronavirus Disease 2019 is 3 doses followed by boosters. We determined whether a fourth dose booster induced Omicron BA.4/5 neutralizing antibodies (nAbs) and T cells in a large multicenter cohort study.

Outcomes of truncal valve replacement in neonates and infants: a meta-analysis.

Background: Infants with truncus arteriosus typically undergo repair by repurposing the truncal valve as the neo-aortic valve and using a valved conduit homograft for the neo-pulmonary valve. In cases where the native truncal valve is too insufficient for repair, it is replaced, but this is a rare occurrence with a paucity of data, especially in the infant population. Here, we conduct a meta-analysis to better understand the outcomes of infant truncal valve replacement during the primary repair of truncus arteriosus.

Changing Agendas on Sleep, Treatment and Learning in Epilepsy (CASTLE) Sleep-E: a protocol for a randomised controlled trial comparing an online behavioural sleep intervention with standard care in children with Rolandic epilepsy.

Introduction: Sleep and epilepsy have an established bidirectional relationship yet only one randomised controlled clinical trial has assessed the effectiveness of behavioural sleep interventions for children with epilepsy. The intervention was successful, but was delivered via face-to-face educational sessions with parents, which are costly and non-scalable to population level. The Changing Agendas on Sleep, Treatment and Learning in Epilepsy (CASTLE) Sleep-E trial addresses this problem by comparing clinical and cost-effectiveness in children with Rolandic epilepsy between standard care (SC) and SC augmented with a novel, tailored parent-led CASTLE Online Sleep Intervention (COSI) that incorporates evidence-based behavioural components.

Additional Distal Femoral Resection Minimally Improves Terminal Knee Extension: A Systematic Review and Meta-Regression Challenging the Dogma.

Background: Additional distal femoral resection is a common technique to address a flexion contracture during primary total knee arthroplasty (TKA) but can lead to midflexion instability and patella baja. Prior reports regarding the magnitude of knee extension obtained with additional femoral resection have varied. This study sought to systematically review research describing the effect of femoral resection on knee extension and to perform meta-regression to estimate this relationship.

Peripheral Arterial Compression as a New Adjunct Technique to Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation.

The success of cardiopulmonary resuscitation (CPR) is critically dependent on the maintenance of myocardial and cerebral perfusion; therefore, preferential perfusion of these vital organs over non-vital vascular beds, such as the extremities, is desirable. We propose that compression of the femoral and/or brachial arteries during CPR improves resuscitation outcomes.

Risk of recipient age on 1-year mortality after simultaneous heart-lung transplantation.

Background: Heart-lung transplantation (HLTx) is relatively uncommon, and there is a paucity of literature to suggest an age at which older recipients may be exposed to excess risk for mortality. This analysis aimed to identify a threshold of age that predicts adverse outcomes after HLTx.

Methods: The United Network of Organ Sharing registry was used to identify adult patients undergoing HLTx from 2005 to 2021.

Immunosuppressive regimens in porcine transplantation models.

Pigs, or Sus scrofa domestica, are commonly used animal models in translational transplantation research due to their anatomical, physiological, and immunological similarities to humans. In solid organ transplantation studies, immunosuppressive medications may be administered to pigs to prevent rejection. We provide an overview of the immunosuppressive regimens used in allogeneic solid organ transplantation in pigs, including heart, lung, kidney, bowel and cotransplanted organs and focus on the use of tacrolimus, mycophenolate mofetil, and corticosteroids.

Effect of cardiac graft rejection on semilunar valve function: implications for heart valve transplantation.

Background: The treatment of neonates with unrepairable heart valve dysfunction remains an unsolved problem because there are no growing heart valve replacements. Heart valve transplantation is a potential approach to deliver growing heart valve replacements. Therefore, we retrospectively analysed the semilunar valve function of orthotopic heart transplants during rejection episodes.

Impact of an Extended Telemonitoring and Coaching Program on Continuous Positive Airway Pressure Adherence.

The benefits of continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) therapy in obstructive sleep apnea are limited by adherence. Telemonitoring and coaching have been demonstrated to increase adherence, but the ideal duration of such support is unclear. To compare the impact of a 12-month versus a 3-month behavioral support program on CPAP adherence.

Enhanced charge density wave coherence in a light-quenched, high-temperature superconductor.

Superconductivity and charge density waves (CDWs) are competitive, yet coexisting, orders in cuprate superconductors. To understand their microscopic interdependence, a probe capable of discerning their interaction on its natural length and time scale is necessary. We use ultrafast resonant soft x-ray scattering to track the transient evolution of CDW correlations in YBaCuO after the quench of superconductivity by an infrared laser pulse.

Recipient-surgeon racial concordance in orthotopic heart transplantation outcomes.

Background: Prior studies have demonstrated deleterious outcomes for physician-patient racial discordance. We explored recipient-surgeon racial concordance and short-term postoperative survival in adults undergoing orthotopic heart transplantation (OHT).

Methods: The United Network for Organ Sharing (UNOS) database was queried to identify White and Black adult (≥18 years) patients undergoing isolated OHT between 2000 and 2020.

Accelerated waning of immunity to SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines in patients with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases.

BACKGROUNDLimited information is available on the impact of immunosuppressants on COVID-19 vaccination in patients with immune-mediated inflammatory diseases (IMID).METHODSThis observational cohort study examined the immunogenicity of SARS-CoV-2 mRNA vaccines in adult patients with inflammatory bowel disease, rheumatoid arthritis, ankylosing spondylitis, or psoriatic disease, with or without maintenance immunosuppressive therapies. Ab and T cell responses to SARS-CoV-2, including neutralization against SARS-CoV-2 variants, were determined before and after 1 and 2 vaccine doses.