Trochleoplasty Utilization in the Management of Patellofemoral Instability: Results From an International Survey of Surgeons.

Background: Considerable variability exists in the described clinical and radiographic indications for use, surgical techniques, postoperative management, and risk profile after trochleoplasty for the management of patellofemoral instability (PFI). In areas of clinical uncertainty, a cohesive summary of expert opinion and identification of areas of variation in current practice can be useful in guiding current practice and future research efforts.

Purpose: To assess the current indications for use, surgical techniques, postoperative rehabilitation practices, and observed complication profile for trochleoplasty in the management of PFI among surgeons who perform this procedure.

Variable Guidelines for Pediatric Medial Patellofemoral Ligament Reconstruction Rehabilitation Exists Across PRiSM Member Organizations.

Medial patellofemoral ligament (MPFL) reconstruction, typically used to restore stability to the patellofemoral joint after dislocation, often requires extensive rehabilitation to address acute impairment related to surgical intervention and also underlying non-anatomical deficits that may have contributed to the index injury. Rehabilitation guidelines, including objective functional performance assessment criteria, are lacking in the literature. We sought to summarize the clinical guidelines for rehabilitation and return to activity assessment after MPFL reconstruction as advocated by the member organizations of the Pediatric Research in Sports Medicine (PRiSM) Patellofemoral Research Interest Group (PF-RIG).

Does Nonlinguistic Segmentation Predict Literacy in Second Language Education? Statistical Learning in Ivorian Primary Schools.

Statistical learning (SL) is a learning mechanism that does not directly depend on knowledge of a language, but predicts language and literacy outcomes for children and adults. Research linking SL and literacy has not addressed children who first learn to read in their second language (L2), common in primary schools worldwide. Several studies have linked SL with childhood literacy in Australia, China, Europe, and the U.

Apparatus to measure density and viscosity of high-pressure carbon dioxide-alcohol mixtures.

Thermophysical properties of (single phase) binary CO2-alcohol mixtures under high pressure and moderate temperature conditions are important in supercritical fluid processes. An apparatus to measure mixture density as a function of temperature (up to 80 °C) and pressure (up to 15.9 MPa) over the full range of CO2 mass fractions was designed and commissioned.

Statistical learning and children's emergent literacy in rural Côte d'Ivoire.

Studies of non-linguistic statistical learning (SL) have often linked performance in SL tasks with differences in language outcomes. Most of these studies have focused on Western and high-income educational contexts, but children worldwide learn in radically different educational systems and communities, and often in a second language. In the west African nation of Côte d'Ivoire, children enter fifth grade (CM-1) with widely varying ages and literacy skills.

Altered Knee Loading Following Primary ACL Repair versus ACL Reconstruction.

Background: ACL repair (ACL-r) has recently gained renewed clinical interest for treatment of ACL tears. ACL-r has several potential benefits over ACL reconstruction (ACL-R) including maintaining the native ACL innervation and blood supply, no graft site morbidity, and possible improved knee biomechanics and decrease in osteoarthritis. The purpose of this study was to assess for differences in metrics of knee joint loading during a single limb squat task between individuals following a primary ACL-r versus those who underwent a standard ACL-R with a patella bone-tendon-bone autograft.

Gun energy filter for a low energy electron microscope.

In a Low Energy Electron Microscope (LEEM) the sample is illuminated with an electron beam with typical electron landing energies from 0-100 eV. The energy spread of the electron beam is determined by the characteristics of the electron source. For the two most commonly used electron sources, LaB and cold field emission W, typical energy spreads ΔE are 0.

Weekly screening of youth male football players: a 14-week longitudinal investigation of interactions between groin pain and long lever adductor squeeze strength.

Objectives: To explore relationships between groin pain and adductor squeeze strength in male academy football players over a 14-week period.

Design: Longitudinal cohort study.

Methods: Weekly monitoring of youth male football players consisted of reporting groin pain and testing long lever adductor squeeze strength.

Effects of Limb Dominance on Patellofemoral Joint Loading During Gait at 12 Weeks After Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction.

Background: Patellofemoral joint complications have commonly been reported in long-term outcome studies for anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR); however, the biomechanics in the early phases of rehabilitation that could be associated with the development of these abnormalities is unclear. Limb dominance may affect the biomechanics of the knee joint in patients after ACLR.

Purpose: To compare knee joint loading between surgical and nonsurgical limbs at 12 weeks postoperatively in patients who underwent ACLR on either their dominant limb (ACL-D) or nondominant limb (ACL-ND).

Energy Absorption Contribution Deficits in Participants Following Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction: Implications for Second Anterior Cruciate Ligament Injury.

Context: Lower-extremity loading patterns change after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR). However, there is limited research regarding energy absorption contribution (EAC) of athletes following ACLR who reinjure their ACL and those who do not. EAC can be utilized as a measure of joint loading during tasks.

Adolescent Athletes Demonstrate Inferior Objective Profiles at the Time of Return to Sport After ACLR Compared With Healthy Controls.

Background: Athletes display persistent muscle deficits and altered limb-loading mechanics at the time of return to sport (RTS) after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACLR).

Purpose: To compare an objective profile of adolescent athletes at RTS after ACLR to matched healthy controls.

Study Design: Cross-sectional study; Level of evidence, 3.

Differences in Shoulder Internal Rotation Strength Between Baseball Players With Ulnar Collateral Ligament Reconstruction and Healthy Controls.

Background: Studies have indicated decreased shoulder internal rotation (IR) and external rotation (ER) strength in the throwing limb of baseball players after ulnar collateral ligament injury. There is limited evidence on the recovery of shoulder rotation strength after primary ulnar collateral ligament reconstruction (UCLR).

Hypothesis: At the time of return to throwing, baseball players who underwent UCLR would demonstrate decreased IR and ER shoulder strength in the throwing arm as compared with healthy baseball players.

Movement Patterns During a Jump-Landing Task in Athletes After Sport-Related Concussion and Healthy Control Individuals.

Context: A relationship between a history of sport-related concussion (SRC) and lower extremity injury has been well established in the literature.

Objective: To determine if biomechanical differences existed during a double-limb jump landing between athletes who had been released to return to play after SRC and healthy matched control individuals.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Midseason Screening for Groin Pain, Severity, and Disability in 101 Elite American Youth Soccer Players: A Cross-Sectional Study.

Objective: To (1) systematically screen for groin pain and type in young elite soccer players and (2) assess whether hip and groin-related severity and disability differed between players with different levels of groin pain and tenderness.

Design: Cross-sectional observational.

Setting: Elite American soccer academy at midseason.

Female Adolescent Soccer Players Utilize Different Neuromuscular Strategies Between Limbs During the Propulsion Phase of a Lateral Vertical Jump.

Background: Multiplanar dynamic stability is an important unilateral function in soccer performance but has been scarcely examined in female soccer players. The lateral vertical jump task assesses unilateral functional performance, and energy generation contribution examines how each joint (hip, knee, ankle) contributes to the vertical component of the vertical jump phase to measure inter- and intra-limb differences.

Purpose: To examine dominant versus non-dominant limb performance using energy generation contribution of the hip, knee, and ankle during the vertical jump component of the lateral vertical jump.

Twelve-Week Quadriceps Strength as A Predictor of Quadriceps Strength At Time Of Return To Sport Testing Following Bone-Patellar Tendon-Bone Autograft Anterior Cruciate Ligament Reconstruction.

Background: Restoration of quadriceps strength following anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction (ACL-R) continues to challenge both patients and clinicians. Failure to adequately restore quadriceps strength has been linked to decreased patients' self-reported outcomes and an increased risk for re-injury. Early identification of quadriceps strength deficits may assist in tailoring early interventions to better address impairments.

Differences in Passive Shoulder Range of Motion Between Baseball Players With Neurogenic Thoracic Outlet Syndrome and Matched Healthy Controls.

Background: Neurogenic thoracic outlet syndrome (nTOS) is becoming more recognized as a diagnosis in the throwing athlete. Currently, there is limited information on the clinical presentation and development of nTOS in baseball players.

Purpose: To compare passive shoulder range of motion (ROM) and anatomic humeral retrotorsion (HRT) of baseball players diagnosed with nTOS with a group of healthy, matched controls.

Limb dominance influences energy absorption contribution (EAC) during landing after anterior cruciate ligament reconstruction.

Objective: To determine the role of limb dominance on energy absorption contribution (EAC) during a jump landing (JL) task at return to sport (RTS) after ACL-R.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Setting: Clinical Research Laboratory.

Effect of Younger Starting Pitching Age on Humeral Retrotorsion in Baseball Pitchers With an Ulnar Collateral Ligament Injury.

Background: Increased humeral retrotorsion (HRT) has been found to be a risk factor for ulnar collateral ligament (UCL) tears in baseball players. Recent work has demonstrated the age of 11 years as a potential watershed age for HRT development.

Hypothesis: In a group of baseball pitchers with UCL injuries, athletes who started pitching before the age of 10 years will demonstrate significantly more dominant limb humeral retrotorsion (DHRT) when compared with a group of baseball pitchers who reported starting pitching at 10 years or older.

Pulmonary Complications in Esophagectomy Based on Intraoperative Fluid Rate: A Single-Center Study.

Objectives: Esophagectomy is associated with significant morbidity and mortality. The authors assessed the relationship between intraoperative fluid (IOF) administration and postoperative pulmonary outcomes in patients undergoing a transthoracic, transhiatal, or tri-incisional esophagectomy.

Design: Retrospective cohort study (level 3 evidence).

Evaluating documentation of social history in paediatric medical notes at a regional paediatric centre - a quality improvement initiative.

Background: A child's home and family environment plays a vital role in neuro-cognitive and emotional development. Assessment of a child's home environment and social circumstances is an crucial part of holistic Paediatric assessment.

Aims: Our aim is to achieve full compliance with comprehensive documentation of biopsychosocial history, for all children medically admitted to the children's inpatient unit in University Hospital Limerick.

Short and long lever adductor squeeze strength values in 100 elite youth soccer players: Does age and previous groin pain matter?

Objective: To examine adductor squeeze strength in elite youth soccer players by investigating the relationship of age and previous one-year groin pain on adductor squeeze force outputs, and to provide reference values for youth players.

Design: Cross-sectional study.

Participants: Elite youth soccer players (n = 100; age 14.

Quadriceps strength changes across the continuum of care in adolescent male and female athletes with anterior cruciate ligament injury and reconstruction.

Objectives: To examine the quadriceps strength (QUADS) on the surgical (SURG) and non-surgical (Non-SURG) limbs in adolescent male and female athletes at pre-operative (PRE), 12 weeks post-operative (12WK), and return to sport (RTS) time points following ACL injury and reconstruction.

Design: Prospective cohort study design.

Setting: Clinical Research Laboratory.