Visual outcome measures in clinical trials of remyelinating drugs.

One of the most promising approaches to delay, prevent or reverse disability progression in multiple sclerosis (MS) is to enhance endogenous remyelination and limit axonal degeneration. In clinical trials of remyelinating drugs, there is a need for reliable, sensitive and clinically relevant outcome measures. The visual pathway, which is frequently affected by MS, provides a unique model system to evaluate remyelination of acute and chronic MS lesions in vivo and non-invasively.

Trauma-specific mindfulness-based cognitive therapy for women with post-traumatic stress disorder and a history of domestic abuse: intervention refinement and a randomised feasibility trial (coMforT study).

Background: Women who have experienced domestic violence and abuse (DVA) are at increased risk of developing post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) and complex PTSD (CPTSD). In 2014-2015, we developed a prototype trauma-specific mindfulness-based cognitive therapy curriculum (TS-MBCT) for the treatment of PTSD in a DVA population. This study aimed to refine the prototype TS-MBCT and evaluate the feasibility of conducting a randomised controlled trial (RCT) testing its effectiveness and cost-effectiveness.

Survivor, family and professional experiences of psychosocial interventions for sexual abuse and violence: a qualitative evidence synthesis.

Background: It is well-established that experiencing sexual abuse and violence can have a range of detrimental impacts; a wide variety of interventions exist to support survivors in the aftermath. Understanding the experiences and perspectives of survivors receiving such interventions, along with those of their family members, and the professionals who deliver them is important for informing decision making as to what to offer survivors, for developing new interventions, and enhancing their acceptability.

Objectives: This review sought to: 1.

The feasibility of delivering the ADVANCE digital intervention to reduce intimate partner abuse by men receiving substance use treatment: protocol for a non-randomised multi-centre feasibility study and embedded process evaluation.

Background: Compared to men in the general population, men in substance use treatment are more likely to perpetrate intimate partner abuse (IPA). The ADVANCE group intervention for men in substance use treatment is tailored to address substance use and IPA in an integrated way. In a feasibility trial pre-COVID, men who received the ADVANCE intervention via face-to-face group delivery showed reductions in IPA perpetration.

ADVANCE integrated group intervention to address both substance use and intimate partner abuse perpetration by men in substance use treatment: a feasibility randomised controlled trial.

Background: Substance use is a risk factor for intimate partner abuse (IPA) perpetration. Delivering perpetrator interventions concurrently with substance use treatment shows promise.

Methods: The feasibility of conducting an efficacy and cost-effectiveness trial of the ADVANCE 16-week intervention to reduce IPA by men in substance use treatment was explored.

Perspectives on Motivation and Change in an Intervention for Men Who Use Substances and Perpetrate Intimate Partner Abuse: Findings From a Qualitative Evaluation of the Advance Intervention.

Despite consistent evidence that substance use is a contributory risk factor for perpetration of intimate partner abuse (IPA), little evidence exists for effective interventions for male IPA perpetrators who use substances. The Advance intervention aimed to meet this need. This 16-week intervention addressed both IPA and substance use, and was for men accessing substance use treatment who had perpetrated IPA toward a female (ex-)partner within the last 12 months.

A study protocol to assess the feasibility of conducting an evaluation trial of the ADVANCE integrated intervention to address both substance use and intimate partner abuse perpetration to men in substance use treatment.

Background: Strong evidence exists that substance use is a contributory risk factor for intimate partner abuse (IPA) perpetration. Men in substance use treatment are more likely to perpetrate IPA than men from the general population. Despite this, referral pathways are lacking for this group.

"From taboo to routine": a qualitative evaluation of a hospital-based advocacy intervention for domestic violence and abuse.

Background: Health services are often the first point of professional contact for people who have experienced domestic violence and abuse. We report on the evaluation of a multi-site, hospital-based advocacy intervention for survivors of domestic violence and abuse. Independent Domestic Violence Advisors (IDVAs), who provide survivors with support around safety, criminal justice, and health and wellbeing, were located in five hospitals in England between 2012 and 2015 in emergency departments and maternity services.

Cry for health: a quantitative evaluation of a hospital-based advocacy intervention for domestic violence and abuse.

Background: Domestic violence and abuse (DVA) damages the health of survivors and increases use of healthcare services. We report findings from a multi-site evaluation of hospital-based advocacy services, designed to support survivors attending emergency departments and maternity services.

Methods: Independent Domestic Violence Advisors (IDVA) were co-located in five UK hospitals.

Becoming an advanced scrub practitioner: my personal journey.

Theatre nursing has been my life for over twenty years and I have regularly assisted the surgeon, often taking on the 'dual role'. However, the realisation that I was not legally covered to undertake this role, along with desiring to improve my knowledge and skills, led me to enrol on the advanced scrub practitioner course run by Edge Hill University. This article is about my journey of personal and professional development.

Persistent transport barrier on the West Florida Shelf.

Analysis of drifter trajectories in the Gulf of Mexico has revealed the existence of a region on the southern portion of the West Florida Shelf (WFS) that is not visited by drifters that are released outside of the region. This so-called "forbidden zone" (FZ) suggests the existence of a persistent cross-shelf transport barrier on the southern portion of the WFS. In this letter a year-long record of surface currents produced by a Hybrid-Coordinate Ocean Model simulation of the WFS is used to compute Lagrangian coherent structures (LCSs), which reveal the presence of a persistent cross-shelf transport barrier in approximately the same location as the boundary of the FZ.

Masculine somatotype and hirsuteness as determinants of sexual attractiveness to women.

Five questionnaire studies asked women to rate the attractiveness of outline drawings of male figures that varied in somatotype, body proportions, symmetry, and in distribution of trunk hair. In Study 1, back-posed figures of mesomorphic (muscular) somatotypes were rated as most attractive, followed by average, ectomorphic (slim), and endomorphic (heavily built) figures by both British and Sri Lankan women. In Study 2, computer morphing of somatotypes to produce an intergraded series resulted in a graded response in terms of perceived attractiveness which mirrored the findings of Study 1.

Caremap management for postoperative prostatectomy care at home: a comparative study.

Objective: To evaluate early discharge from hospital with community-based care as an alternative to hospital-based care for patients who have undergone transurethral resection of the prostate (TURP).

Design: Prospective comparative study.

Setting: A major urban hospital and the urban community.

Care maps across the continuum.

As hospital length of stay decreases and care shifts to the community, there is a need to develop approaches to ensure uniformity and continuity of care in patient groups. Care maps, multidisciplinary standards that outline the processes of care and expected outcomes within predetermined timeframes, can support a continuum of care from preadmission through hospital stay to discharge from community-based home care by clearly delineating standards across the entire episode of care. However, the development of successful care maps requires extensive collaboration, planning and evaluation.

Tioconazole, a new imidazole-antifungal agent for the treatment of dermatomycoses. Antifungal and pharmacologic properties.

Tioconazole is a new imidazole antifungal agent with broad-spectrum activity. Its in vitro activity against common dermal pathogens is generally better than miconazole by a factor of 2-8. This activity is paralleled by good topical efficacy in a guinea pig dermatomycosis model.

Saccharification of Complex Cellulosic Substrates by the Cellulase System from Clostridium thermocellum.

True cellulase activity has been demonstrated in cell-free preparations from the thermophilic anaerobe Clostridium thermocellum. Such activity depends upon the presence of Ca and a thiol-reducing agent of which dithiothreitol is the most promising. Under these conditions, native (cotton) and derived forms of cellulose (Avicel and filter paper) were all extensively solubilized at rates comparable with cellulase from Trichoderma reesei.

The action on cellulose and its derivatives of a purified 1,4-beta-glucanase from Trichoderma koningii.

The specific properties have been examined of the 1,4-beta-glucanase component of Trichoderma koningii that participates in an early and effective stage of random breakdown of native cellulose to short fibres. The enzyme was purified and freed from associated components of the cellulase complex (particularly beta-glucosidase) that interfere with, and complicate interpretation of, the action of such enzymes. Purification increased the specific activity 25-fold over culture filtrates; the enzyme hydrolysed CM-cellulose faster than the purified beta-glucosidase from the same organism hydrolysed any of its substrates (cellobiose or cellodextrins).

Affinity chromatography of the cellulase system of Trichoderma koningii.

A procedure involving affinity chromatography on cellulose was developed for separating enzymic components of the cellulase complex. Cellobiase, carboxymethylcellulase, component C2 and cellobiohydrolase are adsorbed with increasing tenacity, and released, as highly purified components, as the ionic strength of the eluent is decreased.

Regulation of cellvibriocin activity.

Attempts were made to enhance the production of cellvibriocin, the bacteriocin produced by Cellvibrio sp. NCIB 9916, by a study of cultural conditions in agar (solid) media. In such media cellvibriocin was unstable: within 24 h all activity disappeared at 45 degrees C, 70% at 37 degrees C and more than 50% within 5 days at 5 degrees C.

The nature and mode of action of the cellulolytic component C1 of Trichoderma koningii on native cellulose.

1. A purified cellulolytic component C(1) was isolated free from associated activities of the cellulase complex and shown to act as a beta-1,4-glucan cellobiohydrolase on both simple and complex forms of native cellulose. 2.

The formation of short fibres from native cellulose by components of Trichoderma koningii cellulase.

Cellulolytic enzyme components of culture filtrates of Trichoderma koningii were fractionated on ionic and non-ionic forms of Sephadex and on cellulose powder (Whatman) and examined for their ability to hydrolyse soluble carboxymethyl-cellulose, and to saccharify, solubilize and form short fibres from native undegraded cellulose of the type found in cotton. DEAE-Sephadex provided two CM-cellulase components and a C(1) component; the C(1) component acted weakly and solely on cotton, forming soluble products but not short fibres. The ability to form short fibres was confined almost wholly to one of the CM-cellulase components which completely degraded cotton, minimally to soluble products and extensively to short fibres.

Solubilization of native and derived forms of cellulose by cell-free microbial enzymes.

1. Cell-free enzymes from Myrothecium verrucaria and Trichoderma koningii hydrolyse native undegraded cellulose, as found in cotton fibres, in a random manner to short insoluble fibres and to minor amounts of soluble products. 2.