The face does predict the brain--midline facial and forebrain defects uncovered during the investigation of nasal obstruction and rhinorrhea. Case report and a review of holoprosencephaly and its classifications.

When the embryonic forebrain (the prosencephalon) fails to sufficiently divide into the two cerebral hemispheres, holoprosencephaly (HPE) results. This disorder can result in various skull and facial defects with brain abnormalities of varying severity. These brain defects ultimately dictate the prognosis.

Unilateral opacification of paranasal sinus CT scans.

Objectives: The aim of study was to describe the histopathology in patients with unilateral sinus opacification and to identify variables that may predict neoplastic pathology.

Study Design: A retrospective review of paranasal sinus CT scans performed between 2000 and 2003 was conducted to identify patients with unilateral sinus opacification.

Results: Twenty-eight of 1118 CT scans showed unilateral sinus opacification.

An isolated hyoid fracture secondary to sport injury. A case report and review of literature.

A 16-year-old boy sustained a fracture of the hyoid bone following closed neck injury from a hockey puck. Though commonly occurring in association of other fractures of the laryngeal skeleton, the fracture was isolated and a comprehensive evaluation implicated it solely for the clinical picture. Our review of the English literature displays the diversity of opinion on classification and treatment.

A case of the otogenic variant of Lemierre's syndrome with atypical sequelae and a review of pediatric literature.

We report a case of an 8-year-old girl who presented with the clinical picture of Lemierre's syndrome (LS) secondary to bilateral mastoiditis. She developed unilateral sensorineural hearing loss (SNHL) along with internal jugular vein (IJV) thrombosis, septic arthritis of her ankle and cervical fasciitis. Combined antimicrobial, anticoagulant and surgical treatment helped reverse all the effects of the sequelae, including nearly all the hearing loss.

Nonword repetition abilities of children who stutter: an exploratory study.

Unlabelled: Past research has suggested that children who stutter (CWS) may have less well-developed language skills than fluent children, and that such relative linguistic deficiencies may play a role in precipitating their disfluencies. However, data to support this position are primarily derived from results of standardized diagnostic inventories, which are originally designed to identify frank language impairment. Nonword repetition has emerged as a more sensitive measure of children's linguistic abilities.

Pott's puffy tumour in a pre-adolescent child: the youngest reported in the post-antibiotic era.

Pott's puffy tumour is a subperisosteal abscess associated with a cranial osteomyelitis. A rare consequence of trauma or frontal sinusitis, it is often an indicator of intracranial complications. At 3 years of age, the patient described is the youngest reported with this condition.

Anatomic landmarks for locating parotid lesions in relation to the facial nerve: cross-sectional radiologic study.

Objectives: To determine the accuracy of using surrogate anatomic structures radiologically to predict the relation of parotid lesions to the intraparotid facial nerve.

Setting: Tertiary centre.

Design: Retrospective.

The incidence of laryngospasm with a "no touch" extubation technique after tonsillectomy and adenoidectomy.

Unlabelled: In this case series, we evaluated the incidence of laryngospasm using a clearly defined awake tracheal extubation technique in 20 children undergoing elective tonsillectomy with or without adenoidectomy. This technique required patients to be turned to the recovery position at the end of the procedure before discontinuing the volatile anesthetics. No further stimulation, besides continuous oximetry monitoring, was allowed until the patients spontaneously woke up ("no touch" technique).

Case of sublingual hematoma threatening airway obstruction.

Background: The complications of warfarin therapy have classically been described as bleeding in the genitourinary and gastrointestinal tracts, skin, central nervous system, nose, penis, or retroperitoneum. However, rarely warfarin may cause bleeding that compromises a patient's airway. A sublingual haematoma is an example of such a complication.

Does synchronous nasal surgery increase the risk of post-operative haemorrhage in adult patients undergoing tonsillectomy?

Otolaryngologists occasionally perform simultaneous procedures on their patients, the indication being co-existent pathology. This is not a universally accepted practice as some feel that the post-operative morbidity is increased in such patients. Tonsillectomy is a common otolaryngological procedure and the main life-threatening complication, haemorrhage is easily identifiable.

Observations on the early results of treatment of recurrent respiratory papillomatosis using cidofovir.

Objective: To document the response of two patients with severe recurrent laryngeal papillomatosis following treatment with intralesional cidofovir in conjunction with carbon-dioxide laser evaporation.

Setting: Tertiary referral centre.

Methods: Retrospective review of treatment of two patients followed up over a 12-month period.

Study of surgeons' agreement on the presence of bony anomalies on coronal CT of paranasal sinuses.

We conducted a study to determine the level of agreement among five surgeons who assessed the surgical risk to key neighboring structures prior to endoscopic sinus surgery as depicted on coronal computed tomography (CT). The five observers studied preoperative CT scans that had been performed on 29 patients. Two scoring systems were used to rate each scan; the Lund-Mackay system and our own risk-assessment system.

[Polyarthritic manifestations revealing Stickler syndrome].

Stickler syndrome, also called hereditary arthro-ophthalmopathy is a dominant disorder, with poly-epiphyseal dysplasia resulting in early osteoarthritis. It usually includes bilateral myopia, that changes little during the follow up period, but can lead to retinal detachment. Children with Stickler syndrome can show facial dysmorphism that may improve with age, but severe anomalies may exist such as Pierre Robin sequence.

A comparative evaluation of the perceptions of health of elders of different multicultural backgrounds.

The purpose of this study was to discover the perceptions of health and the health maintenance practices of 4 different cultural and ethnic groups. Interviews were conducted at senior citizen centers in and around a large metropolitan center in Texas. Five Native Americans, 44 African Americans, 32 Latinos, and 13 Vietnamese were questioned about their views on being healthy.

Influence of age at implantation and of residual hearing on speech outcome measures after cochlear implantation: binary partitioning analysis.

The goal of this study was to evaluate speech understanding outcomes in prelingually deaf children who use a cochlear implant device. Specifically, we discuss investigations on 2 prognostic variables--age at implantation and degree of residual hearing--and use a novel method: binary partitioning analysis. Our outcome measures are standard speech perception evaluations, including the Word Intelligibility by Picture Identification (WIPI) test, the Phonetically Balanced-Kindergarten (PBK) test, and the Glendonald Auditory Screening Procedure (GASP).

A randomized control trial of post-operative care following endoscopic sinus surgery: debridement versus no debridement.

Endoscopic sinus surgery (ESS) has undergone exponential growth worldwide in the last decade. It is now accepted as a safe and effective means of treating sinonasal disease. The purpose of this study was to determine whether post-operative debridement is necessary after ESS.

Nasopharyngeal teratocarcinosarcoma.

Congenital germ cell tumors are uncommon. The most common site of origin is in the saccrococygeal region. Teratomas arising from the head and neck comprise a small proportion of this entity, and of these, nasopharyngeal lesions are rare.

A study of anthropometric measures before and after external septoplasty in children: a preliminary study.

Objective: To test the hypothesis that surgery on the growing nasal septum does not adversely affect nasal and midfacial dimensions.

Design: Paired study.

Setting: Tertiary care center.

Assessment of vocabulary development in children after cochlear implantation.

Objectives: To assess vocabulary development in children following cochlear implantation and to evaluate the effect of age at implantation on performance.

Design: Retrospective study (mean follow-up, 3(1/2) years).

Setting: Tertiary center.

The effects of age of cochlear implantation on speech perception outcomes in prelingually deaf children.

We have made a retrospective analysis on 70 prelingually deaf children (78% congenital; age range 2-15 years) followed for up to 5 years post-implant during which both closed set speech perception tests (TAC, WIPI) and open set tasks (PBK, GASP) were administered. We used a binary partitioning algorithm to optimally divide our dataset on the basis of age at implantation This technique achieves an optimal split when the heterogeneity of the data is most reduced (maximal drop in deviance). For the closed set speech perception tests (TAC and WIPI) partitioning best divided-out data at age 4.

Vocabulary acquisition rate after pediatric cochlear implantation and the impact of age at implantation.

Objective: studies of early vocabulary development after pediatric cochlear implantation show growth rates that approach normality. Do these growth rates continue to rise over time and, therefore, allow a 'catch up' with ideal scores for age, or do they decline after an initial peak. Could age at implantation be a decisive factor in that process?

Design: retrospective study (mean follow-up 4 years).

A randomised controlled trial of the effect of regional nerve blocks on immediate post-tonsillectomy pain in adult patients.

Post-operative pain is the main cause of morbidity following tonsillectomy. The efficacy of glossopharyngeal and lesser palatine nerve blocks in controlling postoperative pain in adult patients was investigated prospectively. Patients 16 years and older admitted for elective tonsillectomy were randomised to one of three groups to receive a pre-incisional oropharyngeal injection of 0.

Primary non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the frontal sinus: how we diagnosed it.

Isolated primary non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the frontal sinus is rare. We describe the case of a middle-aged man who came to us with signs of orbital cellulitis complicating an acute infected frontal mucocele. His condition was initially controlled with medical therapy and subsequent endoscopic sinus surgery, but his symptoms eventually returned.

Non-Hodgkin's lymphoma of the lacrimal sac and concomitant pansinusitis.

Paranasal sinus disease has an established propensity to breach anatomical barriers and present with orbital clinical features. Lacrimal sac lymphomas on the other hand are rare, usually present in males in the sixth decade and 50 per cent of cases have systemic lymphoma/leukaemia. Atypical presentations of lymphomas at this and other sites are reported in patients with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS).

Target oriented computed tomography-scanning of the paranasal sinuses.

A limited computed tomography (CT) scanning protocol for the paranasal sinuses is proposed consisting of only seven cuts in the coronal plane. A retrospective observational study has shown the ability of these cuts to demonstrate the regions of interest to the FESS surgeon. The regions are detected at a rate ranging from 85% to 96% in this sample of 100 patients.