Safety of early chemoprophylaxis for venous thromboembolism after traumatic brain injury: a systematic review and meta-analysis. A military traumatic brain injury initiative study.

Objective: There is continuing uncertainty about the safety of early chemoprophylaxis for venous thromboembolism (VTE) in patients with traumatic brain injury (TBI). The objective of this paper was to 1) calculate the risk of progression of posttraumatic intracranial hemorrhage (ICH) after VTE chemoprophylaxis, and 2) compare the probability of ICH progression in early versus late VTE prophylaxis.

Methods: The authors searched for English-language literature from database inception to January 2023.

NERD-seq: a novel approach of Nanopore direct RNA sequencing that expands representation of non-coding RNAs.

Non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs) are frequently documented RNA modification substrates. Nanopore Technologies enables the direct sequencing of RNAs and the detection of modified nucleobases. Ordinarily, direct RNA sequencing uses polyadenylation selection, studying primarily mRNA gene expression.

Internet-Guided Cognitive Behavioral Therapy for Insomnia Among Patients With Traumatic Brain Injury: A Randomized Clinical Trial.

Importance: Many military service members and veterans report insomnia after sustaining traumatic brain injury (TBI). Limitations of first-line treatment, cognitive-behavioral therapy for insomnia (CBT-I), include availability of qualified clinicians, low completion rates, and cost.

Objective: To investigate the feasibility and efficacy of internet-guided CBT-I (eCBT-I) in military service members and veterans with insomnia and a history of TBI.

Quantitative Pupillometry Predicts Return to Play and Tracks the Clinical Evolution of Mild Traumatic Brain Injury in US Military Academy Cadets: A Military Traumatic Brain Injury Initiative Study.

Background And Objectives: The objective of this study was to determine the utility of the pupillary light reflex use as a biomarker of mild traumatic brain injury (mTBI).

Methods: This prospective cohort study was conducted at The US Military Academy at West Point. Cadets underwent a standard battery of tests including Balance Error Scoring System, Sports Concussion Assessment Tool Fifth Edition Symptom Survey, Standard Assessment of Concussion, and measure of pupillary responses.

Randomized, controlled clinical trial of acoustic stimulation to reduce postconcussive symptoms.

Objective: Effective interventions are needed to address postconcussive symptoms. We report the results of randomized, sham-controlled trial of Cereset Research™ Standard Operating Procedures (CR-SOP), a noninvasive, closed-loop, allostatic, acoustic stimulation neurotechnology previously shown to improve insomnia.

Methods: Military service members, veterans, or their spouses with persistent symptoms (Neurobehavioral Symptom Inventory [NSI] Score ≥23) after mTBI 3 months to 10 years ago, were randomized to receive 10 sessions of engineered tones linked to brainwaves (LB, intervention), or random engineered tones not linked to brainwaves (NL, sham control).

Association Between Ischemic Stroke Subtype and Stroke Severity: The Atherosclerosis Risk in Communities Study.

Background And Objectives: Disability after stroke occurs across ischemic stroke subtypes, with a suggestion that embolic strokes are more devastating. Whether this difference is as a result of differences in comorbidities or differences in severity at the time of the stroke event is not known. The primary hypothesis was that participants with embolic stroke would have more severe stroke at the time of admission and a higher risk of mortality, compared with thrombotic stroke participants even with consideration of confounders over time, with a secondary hypothesis that this association would differ by race and sex.

Genomic Characterization of Carbapenem-Resistant Bacteria from Beef Cattle Feedlots.

Carbapenems are considered a last resort for the treatment of multi-drug-resistant bacterial infections in humans. In this study, we investigated the occurrence of carbapenem-resistant bacteria in feedlots in Alberta, Canada. The presumptive carbapenem-resistant isolates ( = 116) recovered after ertapenem enrichment were subjected to antimicrobial susceptibility testing against 12 different antibiotics, including four carbapenems.

Actigraphic evidence of persistent sleep disruption following repetitive mild traumatic brain injury in a gyrencephalic model.

We studied the effect of multimodal traumatic brain injuries on daily sleep/activity patterns and related histology. Gyrencephalic ferrets wore actigraphs and received military-relevant brain injuries including shockwaves, strong rotational impact, and variable stress, which were evaluated up to 6 months post injury. Sham and Baseline animals exhibited activity patterns occurring in distinct clusters of high activity, interspersed with periods of low activity.

Eradicating Biofilms of Carbapenem-Resistant Enterobacteriaceae by Simultaneously Dispersing the Biomass and Killing Planktonic Bacteria with PEGylated Branched Polyethyleneimine.

Carbapenem-resistant Enterobacteriaceae (CRE) are emerging pathogens that cause variety of severe infections. CRE evade antibiotic treatments because these bacteria produce enzymes that degrade a wide range of antibiotics including carbapenems and β-lactams. The formation of biofilms aggravates CRE infections, especially in a wound environment.

Antibiofilm Activity of PEGylated Branched Polyethylenimine.

Biofilm formation is an adaptive resistance mechanism that pathogens employ to survive in the presence of antimicrobials. is an infectious Gram-negative bacterium whose biofilm allows it to withstand antimicrobial attack and threaten human health. Chronic wound healing is often impeded by infections and the associated biofilms.

The Maryland Acute Stroke Emergency Medical Services Routing Pilot: Expediting Access to Thrombectomy for Stroke.

Mechanical thrombectomy (MT) is the standard of care for acute ischemic stroke caused by large vessel occlusion, but is not available at all stroke centers. Transfers between hospitals lead to treatment delays. Transport directly to a facility capable of MT based on a prehospital stroke severity scale score has been recommended, if transportation time is less than 30 min.

Dual-Function Potentiation by PEG-BPEI Restores Activity of Carbapenems and Penicillins against Carbapenem-Resistant .

The rise of life-threatening carbapenem-resistant (CRE) infections has become a critical medical threat. Some of the most dangerous CRE bacteria can produce enzymes that degrade a wide range of antibiotics, including carbapenems and β-lactams. Infections by CRE have a high mortality rate, and survivors can have severe morbidity from treatment with toxic last-resort antibiotics.

Mechanism of copper nanoparticle toxicity in rainbow trout olfactory mucosa.

Chemosensory perception is crucial for fish reproduction and survival. Direct contact of olfactory neuroepithelium to the surrounding environment makes it vulnerable to contaminants in aquatic ecosystems. Copper nanoparticles (CuNPs), which are increasingly used in commercial and domestic applications due their exceptional properties, can impair fish olfactory function.

Identifying Delirium Early after Stroke: A New Prediction Tool for the Intensive Care Unit.

Background: Delirium is common after stroke and associated with poor functional outcomes and mortality. It is unknown whether delirium is a modifiable risk factor, or simply an indicator of prognosis, but in order to intervene successfully, those at greatest risk must be identified early. We created a tool to predict the development of delirium in patients admitted to the intensive care unit for stroke, focusing on factors present on hospital admission.

Plasma Biomarker Concentrations Associated With Return to Sport Following Sport-Related Concussion in Collegiate Athletes-A Concussion Assessment, Research, and Education (CARE) Consortium Study.

Importance: Identifying plasma biomarkers associated with the amount of time an athlete may need before they return to sport (RTS) following a sport-related concussion (SRC) is important because it may help to improve the health and safety of athletes.

Objective: To examine whether plasma biomarkers can differentiate collegiate athletes who RTS in less than 14 days or 14 days or more following SRC.

Design, Setting, And Participants: This multicenter prospective diagnostic study, conducted by the National Collegiate Athletics Association-Department of Defense Concussion Assessment, Research, and Education Consortium, included 127 male and female athletes who had sustained an SRC while enrolled at 6 Concussion Assessment, Research, and Education Consortium Advanced Research Core sites as well as 2 partial-Advanced Research Core military service academies.

Cigarette smoking and gray matter brain volumes in middle age adults: the CARDIA Brain MRI sub-study.

Cigarette smoking has been associated with dementia and dementia-related brain changes, notably gray matter (GM) volume atrophy. These associations are thought to reflect the co-morbidity of smoking and vascular, respiratory, and substance use/psychological conditions. However, the extent and localization of the smoking-GM relationship and the degree to which vascular, respiratory, and substance use/psychological factors influence this relationship remain unclear.

White matter microstructure, white matter lesions, and hypertension: An examination of early surrogate markers of vascular-related brain change in midlife.

Objective: We examined imaging surrogates of white matter microstructural abnormalities which may precede white matter lesions (WML) and represent a relevant marker of cerebrovascular injury in adults in midlife.

Methods: In 698 community-dwelling adults (mean age 50 years ±3.5 SD) from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) Brain MRI sub-study, WML were identified on structural MR and fractional anisotropy (FA), representing WM microstructural integrity, was derived using Diffusion Tensor Imaging.

Cigarette smoking and cerebral blood flow in a cohort of middle-aged adults.

Cigarette smoking is often associated with dementia. This association is thought to be mediated by hypoperfusion; however, how smoking behavior relates to cerebral blood flow (CBF) remains unclear. Using data from the Coronary Artery Risk Development in Young Adults (CARDIA) cohort (mean age = 50;  = 522), we examined the association between smoking behavior (status, cumulative pack-years, age at smoking initiation, and years since cessation) and CBF (arterial spin labeling) in brain lobes and regions linked to dementia.

Associations of plasma clusterin and Alzheimer's disease-related MRI markers in adults at mid-life: The CARDIA Brain MRI sub-study.

Background: Clinical and epidemiological studies of older persons have implicated clusterin in Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathogenesis. In the context of identifying early biomarkers of risk, we examined associations of plasma clusterin and characteristics of AD in middle-aged individuals from the community.

Materials And Methods: Subjects were 639 cognitively normal individuals (mean age 50 ± 3.