Comparing the efficacy of a triplet antiemetic regimen in patients with esophageal cancer patients and diabetes mellitus treated with cisplatin-based chemotherapy: A retrospective study.

Introduction: Cisplatin-based highly emetogenic chemotherapy is recommended in combination with neurokinin-1 receptor antagonist (NK1RA), 5-hydroxytriptamine-3-receptor antagonist (5HT3RA), dexamethasone (DEX), and olanzapine. However, olanzapine is contraindicated in patients with pre-existing diabetes mellitus (DM). This study compared the efficacy of a triplet antiemetic regimen (NK1RA, 5HT3RA, and DEX) in patients with and without pre-existing DM treated with cisplatin-based chemotherapy.

Excision combined with ocular surface reconstruction followed by topical chemotherapy for ocular surface squamous neoplasia.

Purpose: To investigate the visual prognosis of ocular surface squamous neoplasia (OSSN) after tumor resection and ocular surface reconstruction, and clarify factors that influence recurrence.

Study Design: Retrospective cohort study.

Methods: Medical records of all patients who underwent surgical treatment for OSSN at our hospital between January 1996 and December 2019 were reviewed.

High serum growth differentiation factor 15 is a risk factor for the occurrence of hepatocellular carcinoma in chronic hepatitis B patients treated with nucleos(t)ide analogs.

Aim: Patients with chronic hepatitis B (CHB) remain at risk for hepatocellular carcinoma (HCC) even with nucleos(t)ide analog therapy. We evaluated risk factors for HCC development, including serum hepatitis B virus (HBV) RNA, hepatitis B core-related antigen level, and growth differentiation factor 15 (GDF15) level, a predictor of HCC development in patients with chronic hepatitis C.

Methods: We collected clinical data and stored serum from CHB patients without a history of HCC who were receiving nucleos(t)ide analog treatment for more than 1 year and whose HBV DNA level was less than 3.

Next-generation lung cancer pathology: Development and validation of diagnostic and prognostic algorithms.

Non-small cell lung cancer (NSCLC) is one of the most common malignant tumors. In this study, we develop a clinically useful computational pathology platform for NSCLC that can be a foundation for multiple downstream applications and provide immediate value for patient care optimization and individualization. We train the primary multi-class tissue segmentation algorithm on a substantial, high-quality, manually annotated dataset of whole-slide images with lung adenocarcinoma and squamous cell carcinomas.

Soluble T-cadherin secretion from endothelial cells is regulated via insulin/PI3K/Akt signalling.

Aim And Objective: Our recent report showed that soluble T-cadherin promotes pancreatic beta-cell proliferation. However, how and where the secretion of soluble T-cadherin is regulated remain unclear.

Methods And Results: Soluble T-cadherin levels significantly increased in leptin receptor-deficient db/db mice with hypoinsulinaemia or in wild-type mice treated with insulin receptor blockade by S961.

Safety and Efficacy of Photocatalytic Micro-Mist Desktop Humidifier for Dry Eye Caused by Digital Environment: A Randomized Controlled Trial.

: Modern life is inconceivable without visual display terminal (VDT) work, including smartphones, computers, and games for both children and adults. VDT work under air conditioning and low humidity poses a high risk of dry eye and digital eye strain. : Thirty-one participants were randomly divided into two groups using a desktop humidifier with photocatalytic technology, namely the "with mist" (humidifier) group and "without mist" (control) group.

The evolution of lung adenocarcinoma precursors is associated with chromosomal instability and transition from innate to adaptive immune response/evasion.

Studying lung adenocarcinoma (LUAD) early carcinogenesis is challenging, primarily due to the lack of LUAD precursors specimens. We amassed multi-omics data from 213 LUAD and LUAD precursors to identify molecular features underlying LUAD precancer evolution. We observed progressively increasing mutations, chromosomal aberrations, whole genome doubling and genomic instability from precancer to invasive LUAD, indicating aggravating chromosomal instability (CIN).

Novel insights into presenilin 1 mutation associated with a distinctive dementia phenotype and cotton wool plaques.

Background: The mutations in the presenilin 1 gene (PSEN1) are the main cause of familial Alzheimer's disease. PSEN1 mutations affect amyloid-beta peptide production, which accumulates in the brain as senile plaque and cotton wool plaques (CWPs) and relates to other neurodegenerative disorders. Here we report the second case of the PSEN1 G266S mutation, which showed distinctive neuropathological features, including abundant CWPs.

Prognostic impact of concomitant pH-regulating drugs in patients with non-small cell lung cancer receiving epidermal growth factor receptor tyrosine kinase inhibitors: the Tokushukai REAl-world Data project 01-S1.

Purpose: This study aimed to examine the prognostic impact of concomitant pH-regulating drug use in patients with epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR)-mutation-positive non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC) receiving EGFR-tyrosine kinase inhibitors (TKIs).

Methods: We conducted a nationwide retrospective cohort study and reviewed clinical data of consecutive patients with NSCLC treated with the first-line EGFR-TKIs in 46 hospitals between April 2010 and March 2020. Cox regression analyses were conducted to examine the differences in overall survival (OS) between patients treated with and without concomitant pH-regulating drugs, including potassium-competitive acid blockers (P-CABs), proton pump inhibitors (PPIs), and H-receptor antagonists (HRAs).

Mitigating the Poisoning Effect of Formate during CO Hydrogenation to Methanol over Co-Containing Dual-Atom Oxide Catalysts.

During the hydrogenation of CO to methanol over mixed-oxide catalysts, the strong adsorption of CO and formate poses a barrier for H dissociation, limiting methanol selectivity and productivity. Here we show that by using Co-containing dual-atom oxide catalysts, the poisoning effect can be countered by separating the site for H dissociation and the adsorption of intermediates. We synthesized a Co- and In-doped ZrO catalyst (Co-In-ZrO) containing atomically dispersed Co and In species.

Japanese guidelines for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis 2023:Revised edition.

Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) is an interstitial lung disease with a poor prognosis and an unknown cause that generally progresses to pulmonary fibrosis and leads to irreversible tissue alteration. The "Guidelines for the treatment of idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis 2017," specializing in the treatment of IPF for the first time in Japan and presenting evidence-based standard treatment methods suited to the state of affairs in Japan, was published in 2017, in line with the 2014 version of "Formulation procedure for Minds Clinical Practice Guidelines." Because new evidence had accumulated, we formulated the "Guidelines for the treatment of Idiopathic Pulmonary Fibrosis 2023 (revised 2nd edition).

Machine learning analysis of pathological images to predict 1-year progression-free survival of immunotherapy in patients with small-cell lung cancer.

Background: In small-cell lung cancer (SCLC), the tumor immune microenvironment (TIME) could be a promising biomarker for immunotherapy, but objectively evaluating TIME remains challenging. Hence, we aimed to develop a predictive biomarker of immunotherapy efficacy through a machine learning analysis of the TIME.

Methods: We conducted a biomarker analysis in a prospective study of patients with extensive-stage SCLC who received chemoimmunotherapy as the first-line treatment.

Pharmacological HIF-1 activation upregulates extracellular vesicle production synergistically with adiponectin through transcriptional induction and protein stabilization of T-cadherin.

Pharmacological activation of hypoxia-inducible factor 1 (HIF-1), a hypoxia-responsive transcription factor, has attracted increasing attention due to its efficacy not only in renal anemia but also in various disease models. Our study demonstrated that a HIF-1 activator enhanced extracellular vesicle (EV) production from cultured endothelial cells synergistically with adiponectin, an adipocyte-derived factor, through both transcriptional induction and posttranscriptional stabilization of an adiponectin binding partner, T-cadherin. Increased EV levels were observed in wild-type mice but not in T-cadherin null mice after consecutive administration of roxadustat.

Biosynthetic ability of diverse basidiomycetous yeast strains to produce the natural antioxidant ergothioneine.

Sixteen strains of basidiomycetous yeasts were evaluated for their capability to produce ergothioneine (EGT), an amino acid derivative with strong antioxidant activity. The cells were cultured in either two synthetic media or yeast mold (YM) medium for 72 h, after which cytosolic constituents were extracted from the cells with hot water. After analyzing the extracts via liquid chromatography-mass spectrometry (LC-MS), we found that all strains produced varying amounts of EGT.

Time-Dependent Differences in Vancomycin Sensitivity of Macrophages Underlie Vancomycin-Induced Acute Kidney Injury.

Although vancomycin (VCM)-frequently used to treat drug-resistant bacterial infections-often induces acute kidney injury (AKI), discontinuation of the drug is the only effective treatment; therefore, analysis of effective avoidance methods is urgently needed. Here, we report the differences in the induction of AKI by VCM in 1/2-nephrectomized mice depending on the time of administration. Despite the lack of difference in the accumulation of VCM in the kidney between the light (ZT2) and dark (ZT14) phases, the expression of AKI markers due to VCM was observed only in the ZT2 treatment.

Effect of CO and H gas mixture in cold water immersion on recovery after eccentric loading.

Background: The findings of previous studies support the efficacy of cold water immersion (CWI) with carbon dioxide (CO) in enhancing muscle blood flow and maintaining aerobic performance efficiency. We hypothesize that the addition of hydrogen gas (H), known for its antioxidant properties and role in inflammation regulation, to C-CWI can enhance recovery after eccentric exercise.

Subjects: and Methods: Thirty-four healthy subjects performed a knee-extensor eccentric exercise.

p70S6K/Akt dual inhibitor DIACC3010 is efficacious in preclinical models of gastric cancer alone and in combination with trastuzumab.

The PI3K-Akt-mTOR (PAM) pathway is implicated in tumor progression in many tumor types, including metastatic gastric cancer (GC). The initial promise of PAM inhibitors has been unrealized in the clinic, presumably due, in part, to the up-regulation of Akt signaling that occurs when the pathway is inhibited. Here we present that DIACC3010 (formerly M2698), an inhibitor of two nodes in the PAM pathway, p70S6K and Akt 1/3, blocks the pathway in in vitro and in vivo preclinical models of GC while providing a mechanism that inhibits signaling from subsequent Akt up-regulation.

Alterations in step frequency and muscle activities using body weight support influence the ventilatory response to sinusoidal walking in humans.

The use of body weight support (BWS) can reveal important insights into the relationship between lower-limb muscle activities and the ventilatory response during sinusoidal walking. Here, healthy participants (n = 15) walked on a treadmill while 0%, 30%, and 50% of their body weight was supported with BWS. The walking speed was varied sinusoidally between 3 and 6 km h, and three different frequencies, and periods ranging from 2 to 10 min were used.

Fluoxetine restrains allergic inflammation by targeting an FcɛRI-ATP positive feedback loop in mast cells.

There is a clinical need for new treatment options addressing allergic disease. Selective serotonin reuptake inhibitors (SSRIs) are a class of antidepressants that have anti-inflammatory properties. We tested the effects of the SSRI fluoxetine on IgE-induced function of mast cells, which are critical effectors of allergic inflammation.

ER stress decreases exosome production through adiponectin/T-cadherin-dependent and -independent pathways.

Exosomes, extracellular vesicles (EVs) produced within cells, mediate both the disposal of intracellular waste and communication with distant cells, and they are involved in a variety of disease processes. Although disease modifications of exosome cargos have been well studied, it has been poorly investigated how disease processes, such as endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress, affect EV production. We previously reported that adiponectin, an adipocyte-secreted salutary factor, increases systemic exosome levels through T-cadherin-mediated enhancement of exosome biogenesis.

Comparison of self-reported symptoms in COVID-19 patients who had or had not previously received COVID-19 mRNA vaccination.

Although mRNA coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) vaccines have been reported for high effectiveness against symptoms, it remains unclear whether post-vaccination infections are less symptomatic than infections in vaccine-naive individuals. We included patients with COVID-19 diagnosed by polymerase chain reaction tests during Japan's alpha and delta variant epidemics. COVID-19 symptoms at approximately 4 weeks were compared based on COVID-19 vaccination status.