Swallow tail sign on susceptibility map-weighted imaging (SMWI) for disease diagnosing and severity evaluating in parkinsonism.

Background: Loss of swallow tail sign (STS) on iron-sensitive magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) has been recognized as an imaging feature in parkinsonism (PS).

Purpose: To investigate the diagnostic and differential diagnostic value of STS scale on susceptibility map-weighted imaging (SMWI) in PS, including Parkinson's disease (PD), progressive supranuclear palsy syndrome (PSP), and multiple system atrophy (MSA), and to evaluate its correlation with disease severity.

Material And Methods: Ninety-nine patients (55 PD, 29 PSP, and 15 MSA) and 47 healthy controls (HC) were prospectively recruited and scanned using quantitative susceptibility mapping (QSM).

-Palmitoylethanolamide Exerts Antidepressant-Like Effects in Rats: Involvement of PPAR Pathway in the Hippocampus.

-Palmitoylethanolamide (PEA), an endocannabinoid-like molecule, participates in controlling behaviors associated with mental disorders as an endogenous neuroprotective factor. On the basis of accumulating evidence and our previous data, we tested the hypothesis that the antidepressant-like effects of PEA observed during chronic unpredictable mild stress (CUMS) are mediated by possible targets in the peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor alpha (PPAR) pathway. In this study, rats were subjected to 35 days of CUMS and treated with drugs such as PEA (2.

Parkinson disease with constipation: clinical features and relevant factors.

Constipation is one of the most frequent non-motor symptoms of Parkinson disease (PD) and it may be ignored by PD patients, leading to this problem not to be reported in time. The relationships between constipation and demographic variables, motor symptoms and other non-motor symptoms of PD are still unknown. PD patients were evaluated by diagnostic criteria of functional constipation in Rome III and divided into PD with constipation (PD-C) and PD with no constipation (PD-NC) groups.