Osteochondral Abnormalities on Three-Dimensional Ultrashort Echo Time MRI Scans Are Associated with Knee Cartilage Degradation.

Background The calcified cartilage layer and subchondral bone plate (SBP) contribute to osteoarthritis development. Three-dimensional (3D) ultrashort echo-time (UTE) MRI can help to evaluate calcified cartilage and SBP in various stages of cartilage degradation. Purpose To compare calcified cartilage and SBP abnormalities using 3D UTE MRI with cartilage degradation and osteochondral junction (OCJ) abnormalities observed at proton-density fast spin-echo with fat suppression (PDFS) MRI.

CycloZ Suppresses TLR4-Driven Inflammation to Reduce Asthma-Like Responses in HDM-Exposed Mouse Models.

Asthma is a chronic lung disease characterized by airway inflammation, hyperresponsiveness, and narrowing, with a risk of life-threatening attacks. Most current treatments primarily consist of inhalable steroids, which are not without adverse effects. Recently, there has been growing interest in alternative approaches to asthma management.

Clinical Potential of Novel Microbial Therapeutic LP51 Based on Xerosis-Microbiome Index.

Xerosis, characterized by dry, rough skin, causes discomfort and aesthetic concerns, necessitating effective treatment. Traditional treatments often show limited efficacy, prompting the need for innovative therapies. This study highlights the efficacy of microbiome therapeutic LP51, derived from a healthy vaginal microbiome, in improving xerosis.

Comparing Large Language Model and Human Reader Accuracy with Image Challenge Case Image Inputs.

Background Application of multimodal large language models (LLMs) with both textual and visual capabilities has been steadily increasing, but their ability to interpret radiologic images is still doubted. Purpose To evaluate the accuracy of LLMs and compare it with that of human readers with varying levels of experience and to assess the factors affecting LLM accuracy in answering Image Challenge cases. Materials and Methods Radiologic images of cases from October 13, 2005, to April 18, 2024, were retrospectively reviewed.

Low-Dose CT Screening in East Asian Women Who Have Never Smoked: Association between Family History of Lung Cancer and Ground-Glass Nodule Prevalence and Growth.

Background Characteristics of ground-glass nodules (GGNs) in Asian women who have never smoked with family history of lung cancer (FHLC) remain unexamined. Purpose To investigate the differences in GGN progression to lung cancer at low-dose CT (LDCT) screening between Asian women who have never smoked with and without FHLC, and to examine associations between FHLC and GGN prevalence and growth. Materials and Methods This single-center retrospective study included East Asian women who had never smoked and had no personal history of lung cancer who underwent baseline LDCT for a health checkup between January 2011 and December 2015.

Arthroscopic Partial Repair of Large to Massive Rotator Cuff Tears Shows Clinical Outcomes and Survivorship at Minimum 10-Year Follow-Up Comparable to Those of Arthroscopic Complete Repair.

Purpose: To compare the survival rate (revision surgery) and clinical and radiologic outcomes of arthroscopic partial versus complete repair for large to massive rotator cuff tears over a minimum 10-year follow-up period.

Methods: We conducted a retrospective analysis of patients who underwent arthroscopic partial or complete repair of large to massive rotator cuff tears between 2008 and 2013, with minimum 10-year follow-up. Functional outcomes were measured using the visual analog scale pain score, Subjective Shoulder Value, American Shoulder and Elbow Surgeons score, University of California, Los Angeles shoulder score, and passive range of motion preoperatively and at the last follow-up.

Integrated molecular and functional characterization of the intrinsic apoptotic machinery identifies therapeutic vulnerabilities in glioma.

Genomic profiling often fails to predict therapeutic outcomes in cancer. This failure is, in part, due to a myriad of genetic alterations and the plasticity of cancer signaling networks. Functional profiling, which ascertains signaling dynamics, is an alternative method to anticipate drug responses.

Deep learning-based algorithm for automatic quantification of nigrosome-1 and Parkinsonism classification using susceptibility map-weighted MRI.

Background And Purpose: To develop and validate a deep learning-based automatic quantification for nigral hyperintensity and a classification algorithm for neurodegenerative parkinsonism using susceptibility map-weighted imaging (SMwI).

Materials And Methods: We retrospectively collected 450 participants (210 with idiopathic Parkinson's disease [IPD] and 240 individuals in the control group) for training data between November 2022 and May 2023, and 237 participants (168 with IPD, 58 with essential tremor, and 11 with drug-induced Parkinsonism) for validation data between July 2021 and January 2022. SMwI data were reconstructed from multi-echo GRE.

CT/MRI LI-RADS 2024 Update: Treatment Response Assessment.

With the rising incidence of hepatocellular carcinoma, there has been increasing use of local-regional therapy (LRT) to downstage or bridge to transplant, for definitive treatment, and for palliation. The CT/MRI Liver Imaging Reporting and Data System (LI-RADS) Treatment Response Assessment (TRA) algorithm provides guidance for step-by-step tumor assessment after LRT and standardized reporting. Current evidence suggests that the algorithm performs well in the assessment of tumor response to arterial embolic and loco-ablative therapies and fair when assessing response to radiation-based therapies, with limited data to validate the latter.

TYK2 regulates tau levels, phosphorylation and aggregation in a tauopathy mouse model.

Alzheimer's disease is one of at least 26 diseases characterized by tau-positive accumulation in neurons, glia or both. However, it is still unclear what modifications cause soluble tau to transform into insoluble aggregates. We previously performed genetic screens that identified tyrosine kinase 2 (TYK2) as a candidate regulator of tau levels.

Assessment of Nonmass Lesions Detected with Screening Breast US Based on Mammographic Findings.

Background Breast nonmass lesions (NMLs) are observed at screening and diagnostic US. However, knowledge is limited on imaging features of NMLs at screening US. Purpose To identify features of NMLs at screening US that are suspicious for malignancy based on mammographic findings.

Description and phylogenetic position of a new species, J.E.Jang, K.H.Lee & H.Y.Gil (Saxifragaceae), from the southern islands of South Korea.

We describe a new species, J.E.Jang, K.

5'-tRNA halves generated by IRE1α are linked to the ER stress response.

Transfer RNA halves (tRHs) have various biological functions. However, the biogenesis of specific 5'-tRHs under certain conditions remains unknown. Here, we report that inositol-requiring enzyme 1α (IRE1α) cleaves the anticodon stem-loop region of tRNA to produce 5'-tRHs (5'-tRH-Gly) with highly selective target discrimination upon endoplasmic reticulum (ER) stress.

RETRACTION: A Multiplicity of Anti-Invasive Effects of Farnesyl Transferase Inhibitor SCH66336 in Human Head and Neck Cancer.

S. H. Oh , J.

Cornea Endothelial Cell Loss Before and After Explantation of Artisan and Artiflex Iris-Fixated Phakic Intraocular Lenses.

Purpose: To investigate the risk factors for corneal endothelial cell density (ECD) loss of 2 types of iris-fixated phakic intraocular lenses (pIOL) and indicate the cutoff values for preventing irreversible ECD loss after explantation.

Design: The retrospective, comparative, clinical cohort study.

Methods: Total 114 eyes of 61 patients were included in this study.

Outcomes of Haploidentical Stem Cell Transplant Recipients With HHV-6B Reactivation.

Background: Human herpesvirus 6B (HHV-6B) frequently reactivates following allogeneic stem cell transplant (alloHCT). Consensus guidelines note that haploidentical alloHCT may represent a high-risk population for which there is little evidence; this warrants further investigation.

Methods: In this single-center retrospective study, we evaluated 188 consecutive adult patients receiving haploidentical alloHCT between 11/2014 and 11/2020 and compared outcomes between patients with HHV-6B reactivation receiving targeted antiviral therapy and those who were clinically observed.

Real-Time Imaging Assessment of Stress-Induced Vascular Inflammation Using Heartbeat-Synchronized Motion Compensation.

Background: Chronic mental stress accelerates atherosclerosis through complicated neuroimmune pathways, needing for advanced imaging techniques to delineate underlying cellular mechanisms. While histopathology, ex vivo imaging, and snapshots of in vivo images offer promising evidence, they lack the ability to capture real-time visualization of blood cell dynamics within pulsatile arteries in longitudinal studies.

Methods: An electrically tunable lens was implemented in intravital optical microscopy, synchronizing the focal plane with heartbeats to follow artery movements.

Metabolism and macrophages in the tumor microenvironment.

Tumor-associated macrophages (TAMs) constitute the primary subset of immune cells within the tumor microenvironment (TME). Exhibiting both phenotypic and functional heterogeneity, TAMs play distinct roles in tumor initiation, progression, and responses to therapy in patients with cancer. In response to various immune and metabolic cues within the TME, TAMs dynamically alter their metabolic profiles to adapt.