Roseburia intestinalis-derived butyrate alleviates neuropathic pain.

Approximately 20% of patients with shingles develop postherpetic neuralgia (PHN). We investigated the role of gut microbiota in shingle- and PHN-related pain. Patients with shingles or PHN exhibited significant alterations in their gut microbiota with microbial markers predicting PHN development among patients with shingles.

Radar-based contactless heart beat detection with a modified Pan-Tompkins algorithm.

Using radar for non-contact measuring human vital signs has garnered significant attention due to its undeniable benefits. However, achieving reasonably good accuracy in contactless measurement senarios is still a technical challenge.The proposed method includes two stages.

Study on the Tribological Properties of Multilayer Concentric Hexagonal Laser Texturing on Rubber Surfaces of Screw Pumps.

Given the friction and drag reduction effects observed in various biological hexagonal structures in nature, a new design was implemented on the rubber surface of the stator of a submersible screw pump. This design featured a multilayer concentric hexagonal groove structure. Furthermore, a composite multilayer hexagonal structure integrating grooves and pits was also developed and applied.

Structure-Assisted Design of Chitosanase Product Specificity for the Production of High-Degree Polymerization Chitooligosaccharides.

Chitosanases are valuable enzymatic tools in the food industry for converting chitosan into functional chitooligosaccharides (COSs). However, most of the chitosanases extensively characterized produced a low degree of polymerization (DP) COSs (DP = 1-3, LdpCOSs), indicating an imperative for enhancements in the product specificity for the high DP COS (DP >3, HdpCOSs) production. In this study, a chitosanase from sp.

Pharmacokinetic/Pharmacodynamic modelling of Saxagliptin and its active metabolite, 5-hydroxy Saxagliptin in rats with Type 2 Diabetes Mellitus.

Background And Purposes: It is unclear whether the parent Saxagliptin (SAX) in vivo is the same as that in vitro, which is twice that of 5-hydroxy Saxagliptin (5-OH SAX). This study is to construct a Pharmacokinetic-Pharmacodynamic (PK-PD) link model to evaluate the genuine relationship between the concentration of parent SAX in vivo and the effect.

Methods: First, we established a reliable Ultra Performance Liquid Chromatography-Mass Spectrometry (UPLC-MS/MS) method and DPP-4 inhibition ratio determination method.

Effect of neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy with or without PD-1 antibody sintilimab in pMMR locally advanced rectal cancer: A randomized clinical trial.

Neoadjuvant chemoradiotherapy (NACRT) was the standard treatment for patients with locally advanced rectal cancer (LARC) with proficient mismatch repair (pMMR) proteins. In this randomized phase 2 trial (ClinicalTrial.gov: NCT04304209), 134 pMMR LARC patients were randomly (1:1) assigned to receive NACRT or NACRT and the programmed cell death protein 1 (PD-1) antibody sintilimab.

Bridging-Solvent Strategy for Quasi-Single-Crystal Perovskite Films and Stable Solar Cells.

Controllable fabrication of formamidinium (FA)-based perovskite solar cells (PSCs) with both high efficiency and long-term stability is the key to their further commercialization. However, the diversity of PbI complexes and perovskite compositions usually leads to light sensitive PbI residues and phase impurities in the film, which can accelerate the device degradation. Here, the crystallization kinetics of FA-based perovskite films are studied and a bridging-solvent strategy is proposed to modulate the reaction kinetics between PbI and ammonium salts by prohibiting the formation of undesired intermediates.

Miscibility of amorphous solid dispersions: A rheological and solid-state NMR spectroscopy study.

Miscibility is critical in the prediction of stability against crystallization of amorphous solid dispersions (ASDs) in the solid state. However, currently available approaches for its determination are limited by both theoretical and practical considerations. Recently, a rheological approach guided by the polymer overlap concentration (c*) has been proposed for miscibility quantification of ASDs [J.

Angiogenic Gene Therapy for Refractory Angina: Results of the EXACT Phase 2 Trial.

Background: XC001 is a novel adenoviral-5 vector designed to express multiple isoforms of VEGF (vascular endothelial growth factor) and more safely and potently induce angiogenesis. The EXACT trial (Epicardial Delivery of XC001 Gene Therapy for Refractory Angina Coronary Treatment) assessed the safety and preliminary efficacy of XC001 in patients with no option refractory angina.

Methods: In this single-arm, multicenter, open-label trial, 32 patients with no option refractory angina received a single treatment of XC001 (1×10 viral particles) via transepicardial delivery.

Deficiency of the Deubiquitinase UCHL1 Attenuates Pulmonary Arterial Hypertension.

Background: The ubiquitin-proteasome system regulates protein degradation and the development of pulmonary arterial hypertension (PAH), but knowledge about the role of deubiquitinating enzymes in this process is limited. UCHL1 (ubiquitin carboxyl-terminal hydrolase 1), a deubiquitinase, has been shown to reduce AKT1 (AKT serine/threonine kinase 1) degradation, resulting in higher levels. Given that AKT1 is pathological in pulmonary hypertension, we hypothesized that UCHL1 deficiency attenuates PAH development by means of reductions in AKT1.

Multisensory gamma stimulation promotes glymphatic clearance of amyloid.

The glymphatic movement of fluid through the brain removes metabolic waste. Noninvasive 40 Hz stimulation promotes 40 Hz neural activity in multiple brain regions and attenuates pathology in mouse models of Alzheimer's disease. Here we show that multisensory gamma stimulation promotes the influx of cerebrospinal fluid and the efflux of interstitial fluid in the cortex of the 5XFAD mouse model of Alzheimer's disease.

Mapping dysfunctional circuits in the frontal cortex using deep brain stimulation.

Frontal circuits play a critical role in motor, cognitive and affective processing, and their dysfunction may result in a variety of brain disorders. However, exactly which frontal domains mediate which (dys)functions remains largely elusive. We studied 534 deep brain stimulation electrodes implanted to treat four different brain disorders.

[Analysis of the experience and procedural complications of trans-radial access versus trans-femoral access for hepatic arterial perfusion chemotherapy in patients with advanced hepatic malignancies:a retrospective study].

To analyze the differences between trans-radial access (TRA) and trans-femoral access (TFA) in hepatic arterial perfusion chemotherapy (HAIC) in terms of patient experience, postoperative complications, and patient preferences; explore whether TRA in HAIC is associated with better patient experience and compliance; and determine whether it is safer than TFA. The study was a retrospective cohort study of patients with advanced hepatocellular carcinoma and liver metastases from colorectal cancer treated with HAIC. We enrolled a total of 91 patients with advanced liver malignancies treated with HAIC from November 2022 to May 2023 in the Department of Interventional Therapy and Hepatobiliary Medicine at Tianjin Medical University Cancer Hospital.

Piezo1-Mediated Neurogenic Inflammatory Cascade Exacerbates Ventricular Remodeling After Myocardial Infarction.

Background: Heart failure is associated with a high rate of mortality and morbidity, and ventricular remodeling invariably precedes heart failure. Ventricular remodeling is fundamentally driven by mechanotransduction that is regulated by both the nervous system and the immune system. However, it remains unknown which key molecular factors govern the neuro/immune/cardio axis that underlies mechanotransduction during ventricular remodeling.

Nonsense Variant PRDM16-Q187X Causes Impaired Myocardial Development and TGF-β Signaling Resulting in Noncompaction Cardiomyopathy in Humans and Mice.

Background: PRDM16 plays a role in myocardial development through TGF-β (transforming growth factor-beta) signaling. Recent evidence suggests that loss of PRDM16 expression is associated with cardiomyopathy development in mice, although its role in human cardiomyopathy development is unclear. This study aims to determine the impact of PRDM16 loss-of-function variants on cardiomyopathy in humans.

High-performance pulse light stable perovskite indoor photovoltaics.

Perovskite solar cells offer great potential as a sustainable power source for distributed electronic devices that operate indoors. However, the impact of advanced lighting technology, especially the widely used pulse width modulation (PWM) technology, on perovskite photovoltaics has been ignored. Herein, for the first time in photovoltaics, we find that the light impact emitted by the PWM lighting system caused dynamic strain in perovskite thin films, induced phase separation, and accelerated the generation of metallic lead (Pb) defects, leading to irreversible degradation of the cell performance after 27 h (T).

Field-induced Bose-Einstein condensation in zigzag spin chain KGaCu(PO).

Single crystals of GaKCu(PO)were synthesized using the hydrothermal method, and subsequent measurements of specific heat, magnetic susceptibility, and high-field magnetization were performed. A broad peak is observed in the magnetic susceptibility and specific heat curves, with the maximum values appearing at about 11.5 K and 5.

Pharmacokinetics and Bioequivalence of Amlodipine Besylate Tablet in Healthy Chinese Volunteers Under Fasting and Fed Conditions.

The purpose of this study was to compare the blood concentration and pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters of 2 formulations under fasting and ed conditions in healthy Chinese volunteers and to evaluate whether the 2 preparations were bioequivalent. This trial screened 170 subjects. Thirteen subjects were assigned to the fasting trial and 18 subjects to the fed trial; 1 subject in the fed trial group was automatically withdrawn for personal reasons.

Risk Factors and Incidence of Serious Infections in Patients With Systemic Lupus Erythematosus Undergoing Rituximab Therapy.

Objective: To evaluate the risk and protective factors of serious infection (SI) in patients with systemic lupus erythematosus (SLE) within 180 days of rituximab (RTX) treatment.

Methods: Patients with SLE treated with RTX were analyzed. SI was defined as any infectious disease requiring hospitalization.

Epigenomic dissection of Alzheimer's disease pinpoints causal variants and reveals epigenome erosion.

Recent work has identified dozens of non-coding loci for Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk, but their mechanisms and AD transcriptional regulatory circuitry are poorly understood. Here, we profile epigenomic and transcriptomic landscapes of 850,000 nuclei from prefrontal cortexes of 92 individuals with and without AD to build a map of the brain regulome, including epigenomic profiles, transcriptional regulators, co-accessibility modules, and peak-to-gene links in a cell-type-specific manner. We develop methods for multimodal integration and detecting regulatory modules using peak-to-gene linking.

Human microglial state dynamics in Alzheimer's disease progression.

Altered microglial states affect neuroinflammation, neurodegeneration, and disease but remain poorly understood. Here, we report 194,000 single-nucleus microglial transcriptomes and epigenomes across 443 human subjects and diverse Alzheimer's disease (AD) pathological phenotypes. We annotate 12 microglial transcriptional states, including AD-dysregulated homeostatic, inflammatory, and lipid-processing states.

Understanding Discordance between In Vitro Dissolution, Local Gut and Systemic Bioequivalence of Budesonide in Healthy and Crohn's Disease Patients through PBPK Modeling.

The most common method for establishing bioequivalence (BE) is to demonstrate similarity of concentration-time profiles in the systemic circulation, as a surrogate to the site of action. However, similarity of profiles from two formulations in the systemic circulation does not imply similarity in the gastrointestinal tract (GIT) nor local BE. We have explored the concordance of BE conclusions for a set of hypothetical formulations based on budesonide concentration profiles in various segments of gut vs.