Management of Acute Myocarditis and Chronic Inflammatory Cardiomyopathy: An Expert Consensus Document.

Myocarditis is an inflammatory disease of the heart that may occur because of infections, immune system activation, or exposure to drugs. The diagnosis of myocarditis has changed due to the introduction of cardiac magnetic resonance imaging. We present an expert consensus document aimed to summarize the common terminology related to myocarditis meanwhile highlighting some areas of controversies and uncertainties and the unmet clinical needs.

Quantitative Dynamic Oxygen 17 MRI at 7.0 T for the Cerebral Oxygen Metabolism in Glioma.

Background Altered metabolism is a characteristic of cancer. Because of a shift in glucose metabolism from oxidative phosphorylation to lactate production for energy generation, malignant tumors are characterized by increased glycolysis followed by lactic acid fermentation, even in the presence of abundant oxygen (the Warburg effect). Purpose To quantitatively investigate dynamic oxygen 17 (O) MRI in healthy participants and participants with untreated glioma to understand altered cerebral oxygen metabolism in glioma.

NOD2 (Nucleotide-Binding Oligomerization Domain 2) Is a Major Pathogenic Mediator of Coxsackievirus B3-Induced Myocarditis.

Background: The cytoplasmatic pattern recognition receptor, NOD2 (nucleotide-binding oligomerization domain 2), belongs to the innate immune system and is among others responsible for the recognition of single-stranded RNA. With Coxsackievirus B3 (CVB3) being a single-stranded RNA virus, and the recent evidence that the NOD2 target, NLRP3 (NOD-like receptor family, pyrin domain containing 3) is of importance in the pathogenesis of CVB3-induced myocarditis, we aimed to unravel the role of NOD2 in CVB3-induced myocarditis.

Methods And Results: Endomyocardial biopsy NOD2 mRNA expression was higher in CVB3-positive patients compared with patients with myocarditis but without evidence of persistent CVB3 infection.

Clinical Features and Outcomes of Takotsubo (Stress) Cardiomyopathy.

Background: The natural history, management, and outcome of takotsubo (stress) cardiomyopathy are incompletely understood.

Methods: The International Takotsubo Registry, a consortium of 26 centers in Europe and the United States, was established to investigate clinical features, prognostic predictors, and outcome of takotsubo cardiomyopathy. Patients were compared with age- and sex-matched patients who had an acute coronary syndrome.

Differential Cardiac MicroRNA Expression Predicts the Clinical Course in Human Enterovirus Cardiomyopathy.

Background: Investigation of disease pathogenesis confined to protein-coding regions of the genome may be incomplete because many noncoding variants are associated with disease. We aimed to identify novel predictive markers for the course of enterovirus (CVB3) cardiomyopathy by screening for noncoding elements influencing the grossly different antiviral capacity of individual patients.

Methods And Results: Transcriptome mapping of CVB3 cardiomyopathy patients revealed distinctive cardiac microRNA (miR) patterns associated with spontaneous virus clearance and recovery (CVB3-ELIM) versus virus persistence and progressive clinical deterioration (CVB3-PERS).

Diurnal, weekly and seasonal variation of sudden death. Population-based analysis of 24,061 consecutive cases.

Aims: Several studies have reported circadian and seasonal variations in acute cardiovascular disease. In addition, a weekly variation has been observed in acute myocardial infarction. The aim of our study was to determine the circadian weekly, and seasonal variations of sudden death utilizing population-based data.