Faecal DNA Metabarcoding for Diet Analysis of Endangered Fish Species, .

Understanding the ecological characteristics of endangered species is essential for their management and conservation. The dark sleeper () is a carnivorous freshwater fish that has been designated an endangered species in South Korea because of its highly restricted habitat range and small population size. However, ecological research on prey items for this species remains severely limited globally, posing challenges for establishing conservation measures such as translocation management.

Perioperative Durvalumab for Resectable Non-Small-Cell Lung Cancer.

Background: Neoadjuvant or adjuvant immunotherapy can improve outcomes in patients with resectable non-small-cell lung cancer (NSCLC). Perioperative regimens may combine benefits of both to improve long-term outcomes.

Methods: We randomly assigned patients with resectable NSCLC (stage II to IIIB [N2 node stage] according to the eighth edition of the ) to receive platinum-based chemotherapy plus durvalumab or placebo administered intravenously every 3 weeks for 4 cycles before surgery, followed by adjuvant durvalumab or placebo intravenously every 4 weeks for 12 cycles.

Early Rhythm Control Therapy for Atrial Fibrillation in Low-Risk Patients : A Nationwide Propensity Score-Weighted Study.

Background: Rhythm control is associated with lower risk for adverse cardiovascular outcomes compared with usual care among patients recently diagnosed with atrial fibrillation (AF) with a CHADS-VASc score of approximately 2 or greater in EAST-AFNET 4 (Early Treatment of Atrial Fibrillation for Stroke Prevention Trial).

Objective: To investigate whether the results can be generalized to patients with low stroke risk.

Design: Population-based cohort study.

Reliability of Instant Messaging-Based Evaluation of Brain Imaging in Acute Stroke.

Background: The use of instant messenger applications among physicians has become common in acute stroke management, especially in developing countries. Photos or video sequences of brain computed tomography (CT) scans are being sent to receive real-time support in assessing radiological findings. We analyzed whether instant messaging-based evaluation is precise enough to extract relevant information from the images.

In Vivo Efficacy of Imatinib Mesylate, a Tyrosine Kinase Inhibitor, in the Treatment of Chemically Induced Dry Eye in Animal Models.

Purpose: Dry eye disease (DED) is a multifactorial disorder of the tears and ocular surface accompanied by ocular discomfort, visual disturbance, tear film instability, and ocular surface inflammation. In the present study, we evaluated the efficacy of the tyrosine kinase inhibitor imatinib mesylate for the treatment of DED.

Methods: Experimental models of DED were generated in Sprague Dawley rats using a combination of benzalkonium chloride (BAC) with atropine sulfate and in New Zealand White rabbits using BAC.

Promoter Methylation Status in Initial and Recurrent Glioblastoma: Correlation Study with DWI and DSC PWI Features.

Background And Purpose: () promoter methylation status in primary and recurrent glioblastoma may change during treatment. The purpose of this study was to correlate promoter methylation status changes with DWI and DSC PWI features in patients with recurrent glioblastoma after standard treatment.

Materials And Methods: Between January 2008 and November 2016, forty patients with histologically confirmed recurrent glioblastoma were enrolled.

Chronic activation of 4-1BB signaling induces granuloma development in tumor-draining lymph nodes that is detrimental to subsequent CD8 T cell responses.

The antitumor capabilities of agonistic anti-4-1BB mAbs have made them an attractive target for tumor immunotherapy. However, the adverse side effects associated with agonist antibodies have hindered their clinical development. Here, we aimed to study the immune-related adverse events of repeated doses and long-term use of agonistic anti-4-1BB mAbs.

Coherent modulation of the electron temperature and electron-phonon couplings in a 2D material.

Ultrashort light pulses can selectively excite charges, spins, and phonons in materials, providing a powerful approach for manipulating their properties. Here we use femtosecond laser pulses to coherently manipulate the electron and phonon distributions, and their couplings, in the charge-density wave (CDW) material 1-TaSe After exciting the material with a femtosecond pulse, fast spatial smearing of the laser-excited electrons launches a coherent lattice breathing mode, which in turn modulates the electron temperature. This finding is in contrast to all previous observations in multiple materials to date, where the electron temperature decreases monotonically via electron-phonon scattering.

Binodal, wireless epidermal electronic systems with in-sensor analytics for neonatal intensive care.

Existing vital sign monitoring systems in the neonatal intensive care unit (NICU) require multiple wires connected to rigid sensors with strongly adherent interfaces to the skin. We introduce a pair of ultrathin, soft, skin-like electronic devices whose coordinated, wireless operation reproduces the functionality of these traditional technologies but bypasses their intrinsic limitations. The enabling advances in engineering science include designs that support wireless, battery-free operation; real-time, in-sensor data analytics; time-synchronized, continuous data streaming; soft mechanics and gentle adhesive interfaces to the skin; and compatibility with visual inspection and with medical imaging techniques used in the NICU.

What Affects Postoperative Sinusitis and Implant Failure after Dental Implant: A Meta-analysis.

Objective: The dental implant is an innovative instrument that enables the edentulous patient to chew. Many factors have a bearing on the success of dental implantation. There are also many complications after dental implantation.

Differentiation of High-Grade from Low-Grade Astrocytoma: Improvement in Diagnostic Accuracy and Reliability of Pharmacokinetic Parameters from DCE MR Imaging by Using Arterial Input Functions Obtained from DSC MR Imaging.

Purpose To evaluate whether arterial input functions (AIFs) derived from dynamic susceptibility-contrast (DSC) magnetic resonance (MR) imaging, or AIF values, improve diagnostic accuracy and reliability of the pharmacokinetic (PK) parameters of dynamic contrast material-enhanced (DCE) MR imaging for differentiating high-grade from low-grade astrocytomas, compared with AIFs obtained from DCE MR imaging (AIF). Materials and Methods This retrospective study included 226 patients (138 men, 88 women; mean age, 52.27 years ± 15.

Can Arterial Spin-Labeling with Multiple Postlabeling Delays Predict Cerebrovascular Reserve?

Background And Purpose: The effect of delayed transit time is the main source of error in the quantitative measurement of CBF in arterial spin-labeling. In the present study, we evaluated the usefulness of the transit time-corrected CBF and arterial transit time delay from multiple postlabeling delays arterial spin-labeling compared with basal/acetazolamide stress technetium Tc99m-hexamethylpropylene amineoxime (Tc99m-HMPAO) SPECT in predicting impairment in the cerebrovascular reserve.

Materials And Methods: Transit time-corrected CBF maps and arterial transit time maps were acquired in 30 consecutive patients with unilateral ICA or MCA steno-occlusive disease (severe stenosis or occlusion).

Added Value of Arterial Spin-Labeling MR Imaging for the Differentiation of Cerebellar Hemangioblastoma from Metastasis.

Background And Purpose: In adults with only cerebellar masses, hemangioblastoma and metastasis are the 2 most important differential diagnoses. Our aim was to investigate the added value of arterial spin-labeling MR imaging for differentiating hemangioblastoma from metastasis in patients with only cerebellar masses.

Materials And Methods: This retrospective study included a homogeneous cohort comprising patients with only cerebellar masses, including 16 hemangioblastomas and 14 metastases.

Lysine acetylproteome analysis suggests its roles in primary and secondary metabolism in Saccharopolyspora erythraea.

Lysine acetylation is a dynamic, reversible posttranslational modification that is known to play an important role in regulating the activity of many key enzymes in bacteria. Acetylproteome studies have been performed on some bacteria. However, until now, there have been no data on Actinomycetes, which are the major producers of therapeutic antibiotics.

Pretreatment with fosinopril or valsartan reduces myocardial no-reflow after acute myocardial infarction and reperfusion.

Background: Both fosinopril and valsartan are effective in protecting endothelial function. We hypothesized that they may also reduce myocardial no-reflow. In addition, suppression of adenosine triphosphate-sensitive K (KATP) channel opening is an important mechanism for myocardial no-reflow.

Diversity of regulatory CD4+T cells controlling distinct organ-specific autoimmune diseases.

Depletion of selected regulatory CD4+ T cell subsets induces the spontaneous onset of various immune or autoimmune disorders. It is not clear, however, whether a given subset, notably CD4+CD25+ regulatory T cells, protects from a wide spectrum of immune disorders, or whether specialized subsets of regulatory T cells control each given disease or group of diseases. We report here, using diabetes prone nonobese diabetic (NOD) mice, that depending on the regulatory T cells that are depleted, i.