Publications by authors named "H-J Cho"
As a scaffolding protein, Raf kinase binding protein (RKIP) is involved in a variety of cellular pathways, including the Raf-MEK-ERK-cascade. It acts as a negative regulator by binding to its partners, making it an attractive target in the development of therapeutic strategies for cancer. Despite its structural stability as a monomer, RKIP may form a dimer, resulting in the switching of binding partners.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground: Transthoracic echocardiography (TTE) is the primary modality for diagnosing aortic stenosis (AS), yet it requires skilled operators and can be resource-intensive. We developed and validated an artificial intelligence (AI)-based system for evaluating AS that is effective in both resource-limited and advanced settings.
Methods: We created a dual-pathway AI system for AS evaluation using a nationwide echocardiographic dataset (developmental dataset, n = 8427): 1) a deep learning (DL)-based AS continuum assessment algorithm using limited 2D TTE videos, and 2) automating conventional AS evaluation.
Odorant receptors (ORs), which constitute approximately 50% of all human G protein-coupled receptors, are increasingly recognized for their diverse roles beyond odor perception, including functions in various pathological conditions like brain diseases and cancers. However, the roles of ORs in glioblastoma (GBM), the most aggressive primary brain tumor with a median survival of only 15 months, remain largely unexplored. Here, we performed an integrated transcriptomic analysis combining The Cancer Genome Atlas RNA-seq and single-cell RNA sequencing data from GBM patients to uncover cell-type-specific roles of ORs within the tumor and its microenvironment.
View Article and Find Full Text PDFBackground/aims: Although gastrointestinal endoscopy (GIE) is a major contributor to the carbon footprint of national healthcare, the amount of medical waste generated by GIE procedures is not reported in South Korea. This study aimed to measure the amount of medical waste generated from GIE procedures in South Korea.
Methods: We conducted a 5-day audit of medical waste generated during GIEs at seven hospitals.
Background: Diabetic retinopathy (DR), a major blindness cause in developed countries, is intricately linked to diabetes management and its duration. Here, we demonstrate that HDAC6 mediates NLRP3 inflammasome activation under diabetic conditions, leading to retinal inflammation and degeneration.
Methods: This study demonstrated the therapeutic effects of HDAC6 genetic ablation, pharmacological inhibition, and HDAC6-deficient bone marrow transplantation in a diabetes model induced by streptozotocin and a high-fat diet.
Article Synopsis
- Early colorectal cancer (ECC) is often treated with endoscopic resection, which can sometimes lead to perforations, a serious complication.
- A study of 965 patients found that specific techniques, like endoscopic submucosal dissection, significantly increase the risk of perforation during these procedures.
- Interestingly, while perforations occurred in 3.4% of cases, they did not affect patient survival, indicating that the type of resection performed is a key factor in risk assessment.
High-yield atmospheric water capture via bioinspired material segregation.
Proc Natl Acad Sci U S A
October 2024
Article Synopsis
- Transforming atmospheric water vapor into liquid can help provide water in dry areas for drinking, thermal management, and hydrogen production.
- Current methods are slow and rely on solid materials, while this new approach uses a liquid salt solution for capturing water, making the process more efficient.
- The proposed method utilizes a hydrogel membrane for rapid water capture, showing potential to supply enough water for two to three people per square meter in arid conditions.
Background And Objectives: Although various cardiac parameters on echocardiography have clinical importance, their measurement by conventional manual methods is time-consuming and subject to variability. We evaluated the feasibility, accuracy, and predictive value of an artificial intelligence (AI)-based automated system for echocardiographic analysis in patients with ST-segment elevation myocardial infarction (STEMI).
Methods: The AI-based system was developed using a nationwide echocardiographic dataset from five tertiary hospitals, and automatically identified views, then segmented and tracked the left ventricle (LV) and left atrium (LA) to produce volume and strain values.
Background: Latrophilin-2 (Lphn2), an adhesive GPCR (G protein-coupled receptor), was found to be a specific marker of cardiac progenitors during the differentiation of pluripotent stem cells into cardiomyocytes or during embryonic heart development in our previous studies. Its role in adult heart physiology, however, remains unclear.
Methods: The embryonic lethality resulting from deletion necessitates the establishment of cardiomyocyte-specific, tamoxifen-inducible knockout mice, which was achieved by crossing mice with mice having MerCreMer (tamoxifen-inducible Cre [Cyclization recombinase] recombinase) under the α-myosin heavy chain promoter.
Article Synopsis
- A study looked at how to predict frailty (weakness) in patients after they recover from sepsis (a serious infection).
- Researchers used data from a large number of patients in Korea to create a machine learning model that could help with this prediction.
- The best model, called Extreme Gradient Boosting, did a great job in predicting frailty, both with the original patient data and data from COVID-19 patients.
Article Synopsis
- First-degree relatives of multiple myeloma patients have a higher risk for the disease, yet the role of genetic variants in hereditary cancer genes remains unclear.
- A study analyzed germline exomes from nearly 1,700 multiple myeloma patients, identifying pathogenic variants in about 8.6-11.5% of cases, particularly in DNA repair genes like BRCA1 and BRCA2.
- The findings suggest that around 10% of multiple myeloma patients may have an undiagnosed cancer predisposition syndrome, indicating the importance of considering genetic testing for younger patients or those with a family cancer history to inform treatment options.
Background: Adjuvant therapy with durvalumab, with or without tremelimumab, may have efficacy in patients with limited-stage small-cell lung cancer who do not have disease progression after standard concurrent platinum-based chemoradiotherapy.
Methods: In a phase 3, double-blind, randomized, placebo-controlled trial, we assigned patients to receive durvalumab at a dose of 1500 mg, durvalumab (1500 mg) plus tremelimumab at a dose of 75 mg (four doses only), or placebo every 4 weeks for up to 24 months. Randomization was stratified according to disease stage (I or II vs.
Multiple myeloma is a treatable, but currently incurable, hematological malignancy of plasma cells characterized by diverse and complex tumor genetics for which precision medicine approaches to treatment are lacking. The Multiple Myeloma Research Foundation's Relating Clinical Outcomes in Multiple Myeloma to Personal Assessment of Genetic Profile study ( NCT01454297 ) is a longitudinal, observational clinical study of newly diagnosed patients with multiple myeloma (n = 1,143) where tumor samples are characterized using whole-genome sequencing, whole-exome sequencing and RNA sequencing at diagnosis and progression, and clinical data are collected every 3 months. Analyses of the baseline cohort identified genes that are the target of recurrent gain-of-function and loss-of-function events.
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- The study evaluates the clinical effectiveness of AI-based electrocardiogram (ECG) analysis for predicting obstructive coronary artery disease (CAD) in patients with stable angina using a large data set of ECG images.
- A deep learning framework was trained with over 50,000 ECG images and tested for its ability to assign risk scores, showing strong predictive validity for both obstructive and extensive CAD.
- The findings suggest that the AI model, known as QCG, effectively predicts CAD severity and offers additional insights beyond traditional clinical risk factors, indicating its feasibility for use in clinical settings.
Background: Individuals who have experienced a stroke, or transient ischemic attack, face a heightened risk of future cardiovascular events. Identification of genetic and molecular risk factors for subsequent cardiovascular outcomes may identify effective therapeutic targets to improve prognosis after an incident stroke.
Methods: We performed genome-wide association studies for subsequent major adverse cardiovascular events (MACE; n=51 929; n=39 980) and subsequent arterial ischemic stroke (AIS; n=45 120; n=46 789) after the first incident stroke within the Million Veteran Program and UK Biobank.
Article Synopsis
- A study was conducted to develop deep learning algorithms for the automatic segmentation of white matter hyperintensity (WMH) lesions in patients with cerebral infarction, involving a large dataset of 8,421 patients from multiple hospitals in Korea.
- Two models, 2D UNet and SE-Unet, were trained and validated using FLAIR MRI images, with performance measured against a human-segmented gold standard using various statistical metrics.
- Results showed that while both models had good performance, the SE-Unet outperformed the UNet with higher average Dice Similarity Coefficients (DSCs) in both internal and external validations, indicating it was more reliable for WMH segmentation.
Background: Evaluating left ventricular diastolic function (LVDF) is crucial in echocardiography; however, the complexity and time demands of current guidelines challenge clinical use. This study aimed to develop an artificial intelligence (AI)-based framework for automatic LVDF assessment to reduce subjectivity and improve accuracy and outcome prediction.
Methods: We developed an AI-based LVDF assessment framework using a nationwide echocardiographic dataset from five tertiary hospitals.
Chronic sleep disturbance affects daily functioning, leading to decreased concentration, fatigue, and higher healthcare costs. Traditional insomnia medications are often associated with adverse side effects. This study investigated the efficacy of a novel compound derived from and extracts (named RNE) in improving sleep quality with fewer side effects.
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- The study aimed to compare the clinical outcomes of two third-generation drug-eluting stents: the Coroflex ISAR and the Orsiro.
- It was conducted as part of the HOST-IDEA trial, which originally involved dual antiplatelet therapy duration but shifted to a registry format for stent comparison, ultimately including 328 patients randomized between the two stents.
- Results showed that patients with the Coroflex ISAR stent had a significantly higher rate of target lesion failure compared to those with the Orsiro stent, with revascularization being a major factor for this difference.
Article Synopsis
- GGC repeat expansions are linked to various progressive neurological disorders, specifically neuronal intranuclear inclusion disease (NIID), prompting a study on their prevalence and clinical features in Koreans.
- The research involved two cohorts: one from Seoul National University Hospital where patients with specific MRI signs underwent genetic testing, and another from the Korea Biobank that analyzed whole-genome data from nearly 4,000 individuals for repeat counts.
- Findings revealed that 17.8% of the SNUH cohort had NIID, and the Korea Biobank analysis identified potential NIID patients, highlighting the relationship between repeat count variations and disease symptoms in a Korean population.
Background: The Murray law-based quantitative flow ratio (μFR) is an emerging technique that requires only 1 projection of coronary angiography with similar accuracy to quantitative flow ratio (QFR). However, it has not been validated for the evaluation of noninfarct-related artery (non-IRA) in acute myocardial infarction (AMI) settings. Therefore, our study aimed to evaluate the diagnostic accuracy of μFR and the safety of deferring non-IRA lesions with μFR >0.
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