Adsorption of Atomic Hydrogen on Hydrogen Boride Sheets Studied by Photoelectron Spectroscopy.

Hydrogen boride (HB) sheets are emerging as a promising two-dimensional (2D) boron material, with potential applications as unique electrodes, substrates, and hydrogen storage materials. The 2D layered structure of HB was successfully synthesized using an ion-exchange method. The chemical bonding and structure of the HB sheets were investigated using Fourier Transform Infrared (FT-IR) spectroscopy and Transmission Electron Microscopy (TEM), respectively.

A chimeric vaccine derived from Australian genotype IV Japanese encephalitis virus protects mice from lethal challenge.

In 2022, a genotype IV (GIV) strain of Japanese encephalitis virus (JEV) caused an unprecedented and widespread outbreak of disease in pigs and humans in Australia. As no veterinary vaccines against JEV are approved in Australia and all current approved human and veterinary vaccines are derived from genotype (G) III JEV strains, we used the recently described insect-specific Binjari virus (BinJV) chimeric flavivirus vaccine technology to produce a JEV GIV vaccine candidate. Herein we describe the production of a chimeric virus displaying the structural prM and E proteins of a JEV GIV isolate obtained from a stillborn piglet (JEV) in the genomic backbone of BinJV (BinJ/JEVprME).

Dissecting the neuroprotective interaction between the BH4 domain of BCL-w and the IP3 receptor.

BCL-w is a BCL-2 family protein that promotes cell survival in tissue- and disease-specific contexts. The canonical anti-apoptotic functionality of BCL-w is mediated by a surface groove that traps the BCL-2 homology 3 (BH3) α-helices of pro-apoptotic members, blocking cell death. A distinct N-terminal portion of BCL-w, termed the BCL-2 homology 4 (BH4) domain, selectively protects axons from paclitaxel-induced degeneration by modulating IP3 receptors, a noncanonical BCL-2 family target.

ISODISTROTLaMTeO (M = Ga and Mn): the critical role of electronic configuration and cation ordering in crystal structures.

In this work, PbSbO-type oxides LaMTeO (M = Ga and Mn) were synthesized and structurally characterized by Rietveld refinements against high-resolution X-ray powder diffraction data. The Ga/Te partial ordering within the honeycomb-like two-dimensional [GaTeO] anionic layer leads to the loss of the inversion center between Ga and Te; however the inversion center on the 3̄-roto-inversion axis is preserved, thereby resulting in a 2-fold PbSbO-type superstructure by doubling the -axis associated with a structural symmetry descending from the original 3̄1 to 3̄1 symmetry. In contrast, LaMnTeO (2/) adopts a monoclinically distorted 4-fold superstructure with lattice dimensions of ≈ , ≈ √3, ≈ 2, where and represent the lattice parameters of trigonal PbSbO.

[Repetitive transcranial acupuncture stimulation combined with electroacupuncture in treatment of acute facial palsy with retroauricular pain: a randomized controlled trial].

Objective: To observe the clinical effect of repetitive transcranial acupuncture stimulation (rTAS) combined with electroacupuncture (EA) in treatment of acute facial palsy with retroauricular pain.

Methods: Sixty-eight patients of acute facial palsy with retroauricular pain were randomly divided into an observation group (34 cases, 3 cases dropped out) and a control group (34 cases, 3 cases dropped out). On the basis of conventional therapy, in the control group, Yangbai (GB 14), Cuanzhu (BL 2), Sibai (ST 2), Quanliao (SI 18), Dicang (ST 4), Yifeng (TE 17), Qianzheng (Extra point) and Taiyang (EX-HN 5) on the affected side, and bilateral Hegu (LI 4) were selected.

Intensive Ambulance-Delivered Blood-Pressure Reduction in Hyperacute Stroke.

Background: Treatment of acute stroke, before a distinction can be made between ischemic and hemorrhagic types, is challenging. Whether very early blood-pressure control in the ambulance improves outcomes among patients with undifferentiated acute stroke is uncertain.

Methods: We randomly assigned patients with suspected acute stroke that caused a motor deficit and with elevated systolic blood pressure (≥150 mm Hg), who were assessed in the ambulance within 2 hours after the onset of symptoms, to receive immediate treatment to lower the systolic blood pressure (target range, 130 to 140 mm Hg) (intervention group) or usual blood-pressure management (usual-care group).

Orthokeratology for Slowing Myopia Progression in Children: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analysis of Randomized Controlled Trials.

Objective: To conduct a systematic review and meta-analysis of randomized controlled trials (RCTs) on the effects of orthokeratology for slowing myopia progression in children.

Methods: We performed a specific search on PubMed, Embase, Cochrane Library, Clinical Trials, CNKI, SinoMed, and Wanfang Data for RCTs conducted up to October 1, 2022. We pooled the weighted mean difference (WMD) between the orthokeratology and control groups for axial length (AL) elongation and the odds ratio (OR) for rates of adverse events and dropout.

EM-2, a natural sesquiterpene lactone from Elephantopus mollis H.B.K., enhanced the sensitivity of breast cancer cells to epirubicin by blocking protective autophagy.

Background: EM-2, a natural sesquiterpene lactone isolated from Elephantopus mollis H.B.K.

Super-pangenome analyses highlight genomic diversity and structural variation across wild and cultivated tomato species.

Effective utilization of wild relatives is key to overcoming challenges in genetic improvement of cultivated tomato, which has a narrow genetic basis; however, current efforts to decipher high-quality genomes for tomato wild species are insufficient. Here, we report chromosome-scale tomato genomes from nine wild species and two cultivated accessions, representative of Solanum section Lycopersicon, the tomato clade. Together with two previously released genomes, we elucidate the phylogeny of Lycopersicon and construct a section-wide gene repertoire.

Evaluation of cell-free DNA approaches for multi-cancer early detection.

In the Circulating Cell-free Genome Atlas (NCT02889978) substudy 1, we evaluate several approaches for a circulating cell-free DNA (cfDNA)-based multi-cancer early detection (MCED) test by defining clinical limit of detection (LOD) based on circulating tumor allele fraction (cTAF), enabling performance comparisons. Among 10 machine-learning classifiers trained on the same samples and independently validated, when evaluated at 98% specificity, those using whole-genome (WG) methylation, single nucleotide variants with paired white blood cell background removal, and combined scores from classifiers evaluated in this study show the highest cancer signal detection sensitivities. Compared with clinical stage and tumor type, cTAF is a more significant predictor of classifier performance and may more closely reflect tumor biology.

Domains of Frailty Predict Loss of Independence in Older Adults After Noncardiac Surgery.

Importance: Preoperative frailty has been consistently associated with death, severe complications, and loss of independence (LOI) after surgery. LOI is an important patient-centered outcome, but it is unclear which domains of frailty are most strongly associated with LOI. Such information would be important to target individual geriatric domains for optimization.

Effects of Short Term Adiponectin Receptor Agonism on Cardiac Function and Energetics in Diabetic Mice.

Objective: Impaired cardiac efficiency is a hallmark of diabetic cardiomyopathy in models of type 2 diabetes. Adiponectin receptor 1 (AdipoR1) deficiency impairs cardiac efficiency in non-diabetic mice, suggesting that hypoadiponectinemia in type 2 diabetes may contribute to impaired cardiac efficiency due to compromised AdipoR1 signaling. Thus, we investigated whether targeting cardiac adiponectin receptors may improve cardiac function and energetics, and attenuate diabetic cardiomyopathy in type 2 diabetic mice.

Novel Clinical Biomarkers for Drug-Induced Liver Injury.

Drug-induced liver injury (DILI) remains a critical clinical issue and has been a treatment challenge today as it was in the past. However, the traditional biomarkers or indicators are insufficient to predict the risks and outcome of patients with DILI due to its poor specificity and sensitivity. Recently, the development of high-throughput technologies, especially omics and multiomics has sparked growing interests in identification of novel clinical DILI biomarkers, many of which also provide a mechanistic insight.

Transcriptomics Analysis Reveals the Immune Response Mechanism of Rabbits with Diarrhea Fed an Antibiotic-Free Diet.

China officially promulgated the announcement of banning the use of antibiotics in the animal industry in 2020. However, the prohibition of antibiotics in the animal industry would reduce the feed conversion rate and increase the mortality of animals. In order to obtain information about the pathogenesis and host immune response of rabbits with diarrhea after being fed an antibiotic-free diet, we first analyzed the intestinal tissue sections of rabbits.

Cannabinoid use and effects in patients with epidermolysis bullosa: an international cross-sectional survey study.

Background: Epidermolysis bullosa (EB) patient anecdotes and case reports indicate that cannabinoid-based medicines (CBMs) may alleviate pain and pruritus and improve wound healing. CBM use has not been characterized in the EB patient population.

Objectives: To evaluate CBM use among EB patients, including CBM types, effects on symptoms (e.

A small molecule that induces translational readthrough of CFTR nonsense mutations by eRF1 depletion.

Premature termination codons (PTCs) prevent translation of a full-length protein and trigger nonsense-mediated mRNA decay (NMD). Nonsense suppression (also termed readthrough) therapy restores protein function by selectively suppressing translation termination at PTCs. Poor efficacy of current readthrough agents prompted us to search for better compounds.

iRGD-liposomes enhance tumor delivery and therapeutic efficacy of antisense oligonucleotide drugs against primary prostate cancer and bone metastasis.

Nucleotide-based drugs, such as antisense oligonucleotides (ASOs), have unique advantages in treating human diseases as they provide virtually unlimited ability to target any gene. However, their clinical translation faces many challenges, one of which is poor delivery to the target tissue . This problem is particularly evident in solid tumors.

Safety and efficacy of meplazumab in healthy volunteers and COVID-19 patients: a randomized phase 1 and an exploratory phase 2 trial.

Recent evidence suggests that CD147 serves as a novel receptor for severe acute respiratory syndrome coronavirus 2 (SARS-CoV-2) infection. Blocking CD147 via anti-CD147 antibody could suppress the in vitro SARS-CoV-2 replication. Meplazumab is a humanized anti-CD147 IgG monoclonal antibody, which may effectively prevent SARS-CoV-2 infection in coronavirus disease 2019 (COVID-19) patients.

Global Impact of COVID-19 on Stroke Care and IV Thrombolysis.

Objective: To measure the global impact of COVID-19 pandemic on volumes of IV thrombolysis (IVT), IVT transfers, and stroke hospitalizations over 4 months at the height of the pandemic (March 1 to June 30, 2020) compared with 2 control 4-month periods.

Methods: We conducted a cross-sectional, observational, retrospective study across 6 continents, 70 countries, and 457 stroke centers. Diagnoses were identified by their ICD-10 codes or classifications in stroke databases.

A human monoclonal antibody blocks malaria transmission and defines a highly conserved neutralizing epitope on gametes.

Malaria elimination requires tools that interrupt parasite transmission. Here, we characterize B cell receptor responses among Malian adults vaccinated against the first domain of the cysteine-rich 230 kDa gamete surface protein Pfs230, a key protein in sexual stage development of P. falciparum parasites.