The effects of previous detoxifications on intelligence, speed, attention, and executive functioning in patients with moderate to severe alcohol use disorder.

Introduction And Aims: Repeatedly undergoing supervised, medical, detoxification from chronic alcohol use may contribute to impairments in neurocognitive functioning of patients with an alcohol use disorder (AUD). Unsupervised, non-medical, detoxification, however, may also contribute to neurocognitive impairments, given the absence of first choice prescription medication to counteract severe withdrawal effects. So far, findings from previous studies are inconclusive and specifically effects of non-medical detoxifications are not investigated yet.

Advocating individual-based profiles of elite athletes to capture the multifactorial nature of elite sports performance.

Elite athletes are high-performance outliers within their specific sports. Even though science seeks to understand the nature of expertise and elite performance, much knowledge remains compartmentalized within subdisciplines. Despite this multidimensionality being acknowledged, an interdisciplinary approach to understanding elite athletes is still rare.

[The effectiveness of compulsory treatment for substance use disorder].

Background: In a minority of patients with substance use disorders, there is both unwillingness to treat and serious harm or damage to the patient or society. In these situations, compulsory treatment may be considered. However, it is unclear whether compulsory care is effective in reduction of substance use.

[Denial of addiction as a mental disorder in the Dutch Compulsory Care Act].

Background: It is difficult to qualify patients with substance-related and addictive disorders for the Dutch Compulsory Care Act (Wvggz) AIM: Investigating factors that influence rejections of substance-related and addictive disorders as mental disorders in the Wvggz RESULTS: Substance-related and addictive disorders are assessed differently as mental disorder than other psychiatric disorders under both the old Dutch Special Admissions Act (Bopz) and the Wvggz. It is often not made clear whether the assessment is made from the medical-psychiatric or legal domain.

Conclusion: To qualify patients with substance-related and addictive disorders for the Wvggz, a medical-psychiatric classification and/or diagnosis must be converted into the required legal terms in as structured a manner as possible.

Harnessing Water Competition to Drive Enzyme Crosstalk.

In nature, enzymatic pathways often involve compartmentalization effects that can modify the intrinsic activity and specificity of the different enzymes involved. Consequently, extensive research has focused on replicating and studying the compartmentalization effects on individual enzymes and on multistep enzyme "cascade" reactions. This study explores the influence of compartmentalization achieved using molecular crowding on the glucose oxidase/horseradish peroxidase (GOx/HRP) cascade reaction.