Acrylamide and glycidamide: approach towards risk assessment based on biomarker guided dosimetry of genotoxic/mutagenic effects in human blood.

Acrylamide (AA) is a carcinogen as demonstrated in animal experiments, but the relevance for the human situation is still unclear. AA and its metabolite glycidamide (GA) react with nucleophilic regions in biomolecules. However, whereas AA and GA react with proteins, DNA adducts are exclusively formed by GA under conditions simulating in vivo situations.

Mutagenic and cytotoxic effects of immunosuppressive drugs on human lymphocyte cultures.

Objectives: Immunosuppressive drugs such as cyclosporine A, mycophenolate mofetil, tacrolimus, and the immunosuppressive agent sirolimus are used effectively to prevent immunologic rejection after solid-organ transplantation. The most serious complication among patients undergoing immunosuppressive therapy is the risk of developing cancer. The question is whether the drugs used have mutagenic properties and so contribute to increased cancer risk.

Acrylamide and glycidamide: genotoxic effects in V79-cells and human blood.

Acrylamide (AA) can be formed in certain foods by heating, predominantly from the precursor asparagine. It is a carcinogen in animal experiments, but the relevance of dietary exposure for humans is still under debate. There is substantial evidence that glycidamide (GA), metabolically formed from AA by Cyp 2E1-mediated epoxidation, acts as ultimate mutagenic agent.

In vitro evaluation of the cytotoxic and mutagenic potential of the 5-aminolevulinic acid hexylester-mediated photodynamic therapy.

Photodynamic therapy (PDT) of tumors with 5-aminolevulinic acid hexylester (h-ALA) causes photo-oxidative reactions in treated tissues. In order to study cytotoxic and/or mutagenic effects, cells of the tumor cell line RPMI 2650 as well as fibroblasts of the cell line WS 1 were given photodynamic treatment in vitro. The cells were photosensitized with a 1mM h-ALA-medium solution for 5h and illuminated with different light doses (0.

Micronuclei induced by aneugens and clastogens in mononucleate and binucleate cells using the cytokinesis block assay.

The human in vitro micronucleus (MN) test has become a fast and reliable assay for mutagenicity testing. Currently, this assay is mostly performed with cytochalasin B, which prevents cytokinesis, resulting in polynucleated cells. The number of nuclei per cell indicates the number of nuclear divisions that have occurred since the addition of cytochalasin B.