Onchocerca jakutensis ocular infection in Poland: a new vector-borne human health risk?

Background: Zoonotic onchocerciasis is a vector-borne disease, which involves many animal species, including large ungulates, boars, dogs, and sporadically, humans. So far, 39 cases of zoonotic onchocerciasis have been reported worldwide, 30 of which have been found in the last 20 years. Onchocerca nematodes are transmitted to humans by blood-sucking vectors during a blood meal.

The effects and safety of intravitreal triamcinolone injections in the treatment of diabetic macular edema.

Background: Diabetic macular edema (DME) is responsible for three-quarters of vision-loss cases in diabetic eye disease. In most cases, early treatment by laser photocoagulation can only stabilize vision. Glucocorticoids have been used as a local pharmacological treatment in DME when the inflammation seems to have a pathological background.

The Dry Form of Age-Related Macular Degeneration (AMD): The Current Concepts of Pathogenesis and Prospects for Treatment.

Age-related macular degeneration (AMD) is a disease that causes varying degrees of blindness, which afflicts millions of adults in their later years. Preliminary changes occur during normal aging, but in some individuals the pathology leads to the development of AMD. The pathology seems to be a mixture of biochemical, cellular, and molecular events.

Caspase-Dependent Apoptosis of Retinal Ganglion Cells During the Development of Diabetic Retinopathy.

Diabetic retinopathy constitutes the most frequent cause of vision loss in professionally active individuals. Progressive impairment of visual acuity results from massive fibrovascular proliferation involving the fundus of the eye, as well as from the apoptosis of the neuronal structures of the retina. The results of many clinical studies, both on experimental models and on human material, confirmed evident enhancement of this process in the course of diabetes.