The putative error prone polymerase mediates DNA damage and drug resistance in .

Antimicrobial-induced DNA damage, and subsequent repair via upregulation of DNA repair factors, including error-prone translesion polymerases, can lead to the increased accumulation of mutations in the microbial genome, and ultimately increased risk of acquired mutations associated with antimicrobial resistance. While this phenotype is well described in bacterial species, it is less thoroughly investigated amongst microbial fungi. Here, we monitor DNA damage induced by antifungal agents in the fungal pathogen , and find that commonly used antifungal drugs are able to induce DNA damage, leading to the upregulation of transcripts encoding predicted error-prone polymerases and related factors.

The First Reported Case of Hafnia alvei Granulomatous Mastitis in Humans.

Granulomatous mastitis (GM) is an uncommon, chronic inflammatory breast disease, mostly idiopathic. Occasionally, the causative organism is isolated. It is characterized histologically by polymorph nuclear neutrophils' predominance and the absence of caseous necrosis.

A Comparative Study of Vitamin D Serum Levels in Monosymptomatic Enuretic Children and Non-Enuretic Children.

Background: Enuresis refers to urinary incontinence during sleep in children over 5 years of age. The pathogenesis of enuresis is complex. It is related to low functional bladder capacity, nocturnal bladder overactivity, and high arousal threshold, and it is also related to the immaturity of the central nervous system.