Estimating the undetected burden and the likelihood of strain persistence of drug-resistant Neisseria gonorrhoeae.

Neisseria gonorrhoeae has developed resistance to all antibiotics recommended for treatment and reports of reduced susceptibility to ceftriaxone, the last-line treatment, are increasing. Since many asymptomatic infections remain undiagnosed and most diagnosed infections do not undergo antibiotic susceptibility testing, surveillance systems may underestimate resistant infections. In this modeling study, we simulated the spread of a new strain of ceftriaxone non-susceptible N.

A comprehensive review on oral nicotine pouches: Available scientific evidence and future research needs.

Oral nicotine pouches (ONPs) are an emergent class of tobacco products that, unlike conventional oral smokeless tobacco products, contain a nicotine powder instead of tobacco leaves. This review synthesizes available data on ONPs in key research domains including survey studies, marketing/advertising studies, chemical characterization and in vitro studies, and clinical studies. Research findings relevant for ONP regulations are summarized, including who uses these products and why, how marketing tactics influence appeal and use intentions, what harmful and potentially harmful constituents they contain, and what acute effects they have on humans.

Chromosome-level genome assemblies and genetic maps reveal heterochiasmy and macrosynteny in endangered Atlantic Acropora.

Background: Over their evolutionary history, corals have adapted to sea level rise and increasing ocean temperatures, however, it is unclear how quickly they may respond to rapid change. Genome structure and genetic diversity contained within may highlight their adaptive potential.

Results: We present chromosome-scale genome assemblies and linkage maps of the critically endangered Atlantic acroporids, Acropora palmata and A.

Predictors of HIV Care Outcomes among Recently Out-of-Care Individuals in The Massachusetts Cooperative Re-engagement Controlled Trial Cohort.

A cohort of individuals in care for HIV infection who were identified as being recently out-of-care (OOC) was recruited for a trial using a data-to-care approach and an intervention to facilitate re-engagement and retention in care. This allowed for analysis of demographic and clinical characteristics correlated with recently being OOC, re-engagement, and successful retention in care and viral suppression. Recently OOC persons with HIV infection (PWH) were identified for enrollment in the Cooperative Re-engagement Controlled Trial (CoRECT).

Theory of four wave mixing-based parametric amplification of spin-orbit modes.

We study the generation of spin-orbit (SO) modes via four-wave mixing (FWM)-based parametric amplification. SO modes carry quantized total angular momentum (TAM), and we show that FWM processes that generate new signals conserve TAM. This is a generalization of prior research which operated in a regime where FWM processes conserved spin and orbital angular momenta independently.