Suggested mechanism of and allele frequency change in Polish and Lithuanian gene pools from the perspective of passing time.

The study aimed to determine the frequency of the alleles associated with hereditary immune response in 16 historical populations and assess which evolutionary forces may have contributed to the observed frequency fluctuation. The analysed polymorphic sites are located in three genes - CCR5, CCR2 and SDF 1 (CXCL12). Protein products are involved in the innate immune response and are also involved in various types of infections, autoimmune diseases and tumours.

Analysis of maternal lineage structure of individuals from chamber graves placed in medieval cemetery in Kałdus, Central Poland.

The beginning of the early Middle Ages period in Poland (10-14 century) has been widely debated in the context of an active demographic inflow from other countries and its contribution to the creation of the new country. Finding chamber graves which are considered typical for the Scandinavian ethnic group in a few cemeteries in Poland has become the basis for the anthropological inference on the potential participation of North European people in forming the social elite of medieval Poland. However, the question of whether this fact was the result of presence of people from other countries lacks an unambiguous answer.

Root and root canal diversity in human permanent maxillary first premolars and upper/lower first molars from a 14th-17th and 18th-19th century Radom population.

Objective: The aim of this study was to assess whether analyzed groups from two historical periods: Late Medieval (LMP), and Modern (MP) from Radom varied in the number of tooth roots and root canal system morphology.

Methods: Root morphology of 229 permanent human teeth were analyzed using Cone Beam Computed Tomography. Additionally, the mitochondrial DNA (mtDNA) of 29 individuals from the LMP and 31 from the MP was analyzed.

Searching for signals of recent natural selection in genes of the innate immune response - ancient DNA study.

The last decade has seen sharp progress in the field of human evolutionary genetics and a great amount of genetic evidence of natural selection has been provided so far. Since host-pathogen co-evolution is difficult to trace due to the polygenic nature of human susceptibility to microbial diseases, of particular interest is any signal of natural selection in response to the strong selective pressure exerted by pathogens. Analysis of ancient DNA allows for the direct insight into changes of a gene pool content over time and enables monitoring allele frequency fluctuations.

Presence of archaea and selected bacteria in infected root canal systems.

Infections of the root canal have polymicrobial etiology. The main group of microflora in the infected pulp is bacteria. There is limited data that archaea may be present in infected pulp tissue.