Physical or psychological child abuse and neglect: Experiences, reporting behavior and positions toward mandatory reporting of pediatricians in Berlin, Germany.

Background: Child abuse and neglect (CAN) are common, with a high number of undetected victims. Since 2012, the German Federal Child Protection Act grants doctors an opportunity to circumvent their duty of confidentiality if they suspect CAN may be occurring, despite the reporting of CAN not being mandatory.

Objective: This study examines pediatricians' reporting behavior in cases of CAN and what their attitudes are toward mandatory reporting.

Enzymatic formation of Glu-Xaa and Asp-Xaa bonds using Glu/Asp-specific endopeptidase from Bacillus licheniformis in frozen aqueous systems.

The capability of Glu/Asp-specific endopeptidase from Bacillus licheniformis to form Glu/Asp-Xaa bonds in frozen aqueous systems was investigated. Under frozen state conditions, the enzyme was able to catalyse peptide bond formation more effectively than in liquid reaction mixtures. The acceptance of amino components which were completely inefficient nucleophiles at room temperature indicates a changed specificity of Glu/Asp-specific endopeptidase under frozen state conditions.

New analogues of secretin.

For the evaluation of structure/activity relationships, some porcine secretin analogues, modified in the N-terminus, have been synthesized by segment condensation in solution. The secretin activity of the analogues was defined as the volume of pancreatic juice secreted in rats and dogs. The exchange of the N-terminal pentapeptide for the N-terminal pentapeptide of human somatotropin releasing factor (h-SRF) resulted in a peptide ([1-Tyr,2,4-Di-Ala,5-Ile]secretin) with practically no SRF-activity (less than 1% SRF-activity up to 100 micrograms/kg in the rat), but surprisingly high secretin activity (almost 100% in the rat, but only 1150 CU/mg (27%) in the dog).

A radioimmunoassay for the angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitor ramipril and its active metabolite.

A radioimmunoassay (RIA) has been developed for the measurement of 2-[N-[(S)-1-ethoxycarbonyl-3-phenylpropyl]-L-alanyl]-(1S,3S,5S)- 2-azabicyclo[3.3.0]octane-3-carboxylic acid (ramipril, Hoe 498) and its active metabolite (diacid: hydrolysis product of ramipril) in serum or plasma.

A radioimmunoassay for determination of glibenclamide and other sulfonylureas.

An antiserum was prepared for the determination of glibenclamide and for the estimation of other commercially available sulfonylureas. Rabbits were immunized with a glibenclamide-BSA conjugate. Tritiated glibenclamide was used as the tracer.