MOLECULAR CHARACTERISATION OF ECHINOCOCCUS GRANULOSUS SPECIES/STRAINS IN HUMAN INFECTIONS FROM TURKANA, KENYA.

Background: Cystic echinococcosis (CE) or hydatid disease is a neglected, economically important zoonotic disease endemic in pastoralist communities, in particular the Turkana community of Kenya. It is caused by the larval stage of the highly diverse species complex of Echinococcusgranulosus sensu lato (s.l).

Investigation of bladder deformability within the development process of the artificial urinary diversion system - a pilot study.

Purpose: The purpose of this pilot study was to investigate changes in the dimensions of human bladders in different body positions to determine the required deformability of an artificial urinary diversion system (AUDS). This entirely artificial organ is comparable in size to the maximum capacity of natural bladders and is a replacement for diseased bladders, such those damaged by cancer.

Methods: The full bladders (determined by the individual's perception) of 5 healthy adult volunteers were imaged using a fully opened magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) device in different body positions: standing, maximum flexion, and seated.

[Actuator design and control exemplified by a urologic implant].

The state of the art concerning the use of actuators and sensors and the intelligent microprocessor-based control will be discussed on the basis of a novel urological implant, a fine tuned, sensor controlled artificial sphincter. A set of powerful actuators with a reaction time lower than 10 ms have been realised due to an appropriate design of components. This has been achieved at a supply voltage of 4.

[Threatened fibula fracture by transosseous migration of a leaded glass fragment].

A case of a 24-year-old man is reported: At the age of ten he was injured by a pane of glass in the region of the medial ankle joint. 14 years later a piece of broken glass which was overlooked during wound toilet, had penetrated to the lateral ankle. The foreign body was impacted in the distal fibula which was sensitive to pressure.