Optimizing oral 3-hydroxybutyrate dosage using pharmacokinetic model to improve cognitive function and mood in healthy subjects.

Introduction: The brain uses ketones, mainly 3-hydroxybutyrate (3-HB), as an alternative energy source. Therefore, oral intake of 3-HB may help maintain brain health. Previous studies indicated that achieving a maximum concentration (C) of 3-HB in plasma at 0.

Aspirin versus Clopidogrel monotherapy beyond 1 month after complex percutaneous coronary intervention: A pre-specified subgroup analysis of the STOPDAPT-3 trial.

Aims: There were no previous studies comparing aspirin versus P2Y12 inhibitor monotherapy following short dual antiplatelet therapy (DAPT) after complex percutaneous coronary intervention (PCI).

Methods And Results: We conducted a prespecified subgroup analysis based on complex PCI in the 1-year results of the STOPDAPT-3 trial, which randomly compared 1-month DAPT followed by aspirin monotherapy (aspirin group) to 1-month prasugrel monotherapy followed by clopidogrel monotherapy (clopidogrel group). The main analysis in the present study was the 30-day landmark analysis.

Antibody Responses to mRNA COVID-19 Vaccine Among Healthcare Workers in Outpatient Clinics in Japan.

Background: This study aimed to assess the antibody response to SARS-CoV-2 vaccines among healthcare workers (HCWs) from multiple outpatient clinics in Japan, examining the effects of baseline characteristics (e.g., sex, age, underlying condition, smoking history, occupation) and prior infections.

Comprehensive analysis of gene expressions in ileal mucosa of chickens fed paddy rice and their IgA response to oral vaccination.

Paddy rice ingestion increases intestinal mucin secretion and production by enhancing MUC2 gene expression and epithelial turnover. In this study, we performed a comprehensive analysis of intestinal gene expression in chickens fed paddy rice and investigated whether the intestinal IgA response was modified by paddy rice ingestion. Furthermore, we investigated the possible involvement of gut fermentation.

Enhanced effect of the immunosuppressive soluble HLA-G2 homodimer by site-specific PEGylation.

Human leukocyte antigen (HLA)-G is a nonclassical HLA class I molecule that has an immunosuppressive effect mediated by binding to immune inhibitory leukocyte immunoglobulin-like receptors (LILR) B1 and LILRB2. A conventional HLA-G isoform, HLA-G1, forms a heterotrimeric complex composed of a heavy chain (α1-α3 domains), β2-microglobulin (β2m) and a cognate peptide. One of the other isoforms, HLA-G2, lacks a α2 domain or β2m to form a nondisulfide-linked homodimer, and its ectodomain specifically binds to LILRB2 expressed in human monocytes, macrophages, and dendritic cells.