The disparities of PrEP adherence among men who have sex with men between the Global South and the Global North: An updated determinantal global meta-analysis.

Background: Suboptimal adherence to PrEP limits its global impact, with current evidence mostly from the Global North and lacking Global South perspectives. This meta-analysis synthesises the rates and determinants of suboptimal adherence to oral PrEP among MSM in both regions.

Methods: We searched for literature describing PrEP adherence and its determinants among MSM globally up until October 2024 to conduct a meta-analysis on the rate and determinants of suboptimal adherence in both regions.

Endovascular versus Best Medical Treatment for Acute Carotid Occlusion BelOw Circle of Willis (ACOBOW): The ACOBOW Study.

Background Symptomatic acute occlusions of the internal carotid artery (ICA) below the circle of Willis can cause a variety of stroke symptoms, even if the major intracranial cerebral arteries remain patent; however, outcome and safety data are limited. Purpose To compare treatment effects and procedural safety of endovascular treatment (EVT) and best medical treatment (BMT) in patients with symptomatic acute occlusions of the ICA below the circle of Willis. Materials and Methods This retrospective, multicenter cohort study from 22 comprehensive stroke centers in Europe and Asia includes patients treated between January 1, 2008, and December 31, 2022.

Ultrasound pupillometry for the detection of a relative afferent pupillary defect (RAPD): Systematic evaluation in patients with optic neuritis and comparison with infrared video pupillometry.

Purpose: A relative afferent pupillary defect (RAPD) is a characteristic clinical sign of optic neuritis (ON). Here, we systematically evaluated ultrasound pupillometry (UP) for the detection of an RAPD in patients with ON, including a comparison with infrared video pupillometry (IVP), the gold standard for objective pupillometry.

Materials And Methods: We enrolled 40 patients with acute (n = 9) or past (n = 31) ON (ON+), 31 patients with multiple sclerosis (MS) without prior ON, and 50 healthy controls (HC) in a cross-sectional observational study.

Hyperreflective retinal foci are associated with retinal degeneration after optic neuritis in neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorders and multiple sclerosis.

Background: Hyperreflective retinal foci (HRF) visualized by optical coherence tomography (OCT) potentially represent clusters of microglia. We compared HRF frequencies and their association with retinal neurodegeneration between people with clinically isolated syndrome (pwCIS), multiple sclerosis (pwMS), aquaporin 4-IgG positive neuromyelitis optica spectrum disorder (pwNMOSD), and healthy controls (HC)-as well as between eyes with (ONeyes) and without a history of optic neuritis (ONeyes).

Methods: Cross-sectional data of pwCIS, pwMS, and pwNMOSD with previous ON and HC were acquired at Charité-Universitätsmedizin Berlin.